objectives the aim of this was to indentify the presence of a/h9n2 virus among different high risk occupational groups, in tehran and qazvin provinces in seasonal outbreak in iran. background in the last decade h9n2 avian influenza viruses had caused outbreaks in poultry in many parts of the world. this subtype could infect other animals such as human and pig. avian h9n2 virus has acquired rece...

salmonella enterica is considered as one of the major pathogens in public health, worldwide. diseases caused by salmonella enterica serovars are especially prevalent in developing countries. it is one of the emerging pathogen in food-borne diseases, which is often found in contaminated chicken eggs. the aim of this study was to apply a pcr–rflp method using sau3ai and hhai restriction endonucle...

background: avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec), which is the causative agent of colibacillosis, harbors several putative virulence genes. an important trait of apec for both poultry and public health is antibiotic resistance. objectives: in the present study, some potential virulence genes of apecs isolated from northeast of iran and their resistance to the quinolones antibiotics were stu...

an adult native cock (gallus gallus domesticus) referred to the aviary clinic with multiple different sizes of round dermal nodules. the bird died few days later, and was then submitted for further evaluation. macroscopic and microscopic examinations as well as a pcr test were done to identify type and cause of the tumor. in histopathological assessment of biopsy specimen, it consisted of inter...

Influenza is a highly contagious zoonotic disease in the world. Avian H9N2 influenza virus is a significant pandemic pathogen widely distributed throughout the world. Pet ownership has been documented as a risk factor for infection transmission to human. Considering major public health concern, the prevalence of antibodies against avian H9N2 influenza virus was evaluated in 170 serum samples of...

Background: Lower lung field tuberculosis is atypical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis which often causes confusion in diagnosis. HIV/AIDS epidemic has considerably increased its incidence. This study was designed to identify the prevalence and different clinical conditions of lung tuberculosis in conjunction with its common clinical and radiological presentations and its treatment. Metho...

One of the recommended strategies for preventing tuberculosis is to screen high-risk populations with respect to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate latent infection and active tuberculosis in people with close household contact. It was a cross-sectional descriptive, analytical study with the sample size of 668 people from homes with one in...

Background : Tuberculosis is known as one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. 1.7 milliard people worldwide are infected with TB germs, there are 8 million new cases of TB annually, and three million deaths occur due to the disease in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This study included all the cases who had referred to all the health centers of Lorestan province with posi...

tuberculosis is a continuous threat for health in all parts of the world. an estimated one-third of the world, s population is infected with the mycobacterium tuberculosis and 7 to 8 million people develop tb disease each year. the purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of tuberculosis in the townships of yazd province, iran. during the study period (1997-1999), 3885 suspected tuberc...

Musculoskeletal tuberculosis accounts for 1-2% of all types of tuberculosis. Tubercular abscess of the chest wall accounts for 1-5% of all cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Herein, we report a case of tubercular abscess of the chest wall. The occurrence of caries rib and cold abscess of the chest wall with concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis, and tubercular lympha-denitis of neck and medias...