Babesia spp. are tick-borne, intraerythrocytic hemoparasites that use antigenic variation to resist host immunity, through sequential modification of the parasite-derived variant erythrocyte surface antigen (VESA) expressed on the infected red blood cell surface. We identified the genomic processes driving antigenic diversity in genes encoding VESA (ves1) through comparative analysis within and...

The current study was undertaken to determine if white-tailed deer in south Texas harbor Babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis. Blood samples from free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on two ranches in LaSalle and Webb Counties were screened for B. bovis and other hemoparasites by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the piroplasm 18S rDNA. Serology w...

Objective: To estimate the infection of ticks to Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, Theileria, and Brucellaceae using molecular methods in borderline Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia. Methods: Totally, 2 022 were collected from different livestock. Then, species diagnosed under stereomicroscope according valid morphological keys. Tick DNA was extracted followed by PCR detect Babesia ticks.Results: A total...

Background: Ticks are of great importance in transmission various canine tick borne diseases. Several characteristics ticks make them outstanding vectors pathogenic agents, the wide host range and slow feeding habit along with tendency to feed on several hosts during life cycle ensures ample opportunity acquire transmit pathogens. Methods: This study focuses status molecular detection haemopara...

Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals as well as humans, considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases, but the most important vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. Babesia spp. are tick-borne pathogens that cause a disease called babesiosis in a wide range of animals and in humans. In particular,...

Transfection has been a valuable technique for elucidating gene function in many pathogens. While transient transfection of Babesia spp. has been reported previously, stable integration of exogenous genes in Babesia has proven difficult. In this study, a plasmid was designed to target integration of a gfp-bsd gene into the Babesia bovis ef-1alpha locus. Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes of th...

ABSTRACT: The prevalence of trypanosomiasis in sheep is worldwide concern. It a hemoparasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma (T) spp., andthe biological cycle transmission involves susceptible hosts and certain hematophagous flies, such as Tabanids Stomoxys. objective this study was to determine presence Trypanosomasp. (Ovisaries). Through an applied, descriptive-prospective-cross-...

To determine characteristics of natural transmission of Babesia sp. EU1 and B. divergens by adult Ixodes ricinus ticks, we examined tick salivary gland contents. We found that I. ricinus is a competent vector for EU1 and that their sporozoites directly invade erythrocytes. We conclude that EU1 is naturally transmitted by I. ricinus.

Several pathogens of humans and domestic animals depend on hematophagous arthropods to transmit them from one vertebrate reservoir host to another and maintain them in an environment. These pathogens use antigenic variation to prolong their circulation in the blood and thus increase the likelihood of transmission. By convergent evolution, bacterial and protozoal vector-borne pathogens have acqu...