High resolution synchrotron X–ray diffraction has been used to conduct in situ studies of the temporal evolution of phases during the isothermal growth of bainite. Two populations of austenitic material were identified: one corresponding to the initial austenite, the other to the carbon–enriched austenite associated with the bainitic ferrite. The observed lattice parameters and the asymmetry of...

1 In-situ Observations of Lattice Parameter Fluctuations in Austenite and Transformation to Bainite S. S. Babu Formerly at Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA, Currently at Edison Welding Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43017, USA E. D. Specht and S. A. David Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA E. Karapetr...

Displacive transformations involve the disciplined motion of atoms. As a result, there are clearly defined relationships between all aspects of the parent and product lattices. The theory for this is well established but has not been exploited in the calculation of transformation textures. This paper is a critical assessment of the methods for the estimation of crystallographic textures during ...

The microstructure obtained as the weld cools from the liquid phase to ambient temperature is called the as–deposited or primary microstructure. Its major components include allotriomorphic ferrite, Widmanstätten ferrite, and acicular ferrite (Fig. 1). There may also be some martensite, retained austenite or degenerate pearlite. These latter phases occur in very small fractions, and are known b...

Armour steel is a medium-carbon which widely used in military and defense industries owing to its ability protect from projectile bullet pressure. However, this armour still posses mechanical limitation aspect, thus it needed engineer for improvement. Therefore, the aim of research undergo properties engineering by using heat treatment method austempering within temperature variations 200, 250,...