Locked nucleic acids (LNA) show remarkable affinity and specificity against native DNA targets. Effects of LNA modifications on mismatch discrimination were studied as a function of sequence context and identity of the mismatch using ultraviolet (UV) melting experiments. A triplet of LNA residues centered on the mismatch was generally found to have the largest discriminatory power. An exception...

We propose a design methodology of a low-voltage CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) consisting of a common-source and a common-gate stages. We first derive equations of power gain, noise figure (NF) and input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of the two-stage LNA. A design methodology of the LNA is presented by using graphs based on analytical equations. A 1-V 5.4-GHz LNA was implemented in 0.15-μ...

In this paper designed, implemented and simulated LNA is divided into two parts. In the first part, LNA is based on lumped elements and in second part LNA is based on distributed elements. Two designed methods have been compared and best performance is obtained with lumped elements. The designed amplifier provides a noise figure of 0.358 dB , gain of 16.778 dB, input return loss is -4.917dB and...

An elegant CMOS LNA design using feed-forward noise and distortion cancellation technique is presented in this paper. The design is implemented in 130nm CMOS technology. In comparison to other conventional technique the proposed LNA shows improvement in performance parameter such as NF, gain, stability and power dissipation. . In this paper a CMOS inverter along with resistive negative feedback...

A 2.4-6 GHz broadband CMOS differential LNA for WLAN and UWB receiver is presented. The LNA is fabricated with the 0.18 μm 1P6M standard CMOS process. Measurement of the chip is performed on a FR-4 PCB test fixture. In the UWB low-band (3 to 5.15GHz), the broadband LNA exhibit a gain of 17.5-18.2 dB, noise figure of 3.4-5dB, input/output return loss better than 10 dB, and input P1dB of –17 dBm,...

A noise reduction input matching technique for broadband low noise amplifiers (LNAs) is presented. The proposed LNA employs a positive active feedback network besides of the conventional common-gate (CG) amplifier to achieve both wideband input signal matching and low noise figure (NF), simultaneously. Compared to the conventional broadband noise cancellation techniques, the presented approach ...

This paper presents a novel lownoise amplifier (LNA) for the 2 to 4.6 GHz applications. The LNA uses a circuit topology consisting of two gain stages with two feedback loops using ATF technology. The noise figure of this LNA varies from 1.5 to 5.4 dB, and its gain varies from 5 to 13 dB throughout the operating frequency band.The S11 and S21 simulated and measured results are presented, and sho...

An LNA modified nucleoside triphosphate 1 was synthesized in order to investigate its potential to act as substrate for DNA strand synthesis by polymerases. Primer extension assays for the incorporation experiments revealed that Phusion High Fidelity DNA polymerase is an efficient enzyme for incorporation of the LNA nucleotide and for extending strand to full length. It was also observed that p...

We analyzed cleavage of precursor tRNAs with an LNA, 2'-OCH(3), 2'-H or 2'-F modification at the canonical (c(0)) site by bacterial RNase P. We infer that the major function of the 2'-substituent at nt -1 during substrate ground state binding is to accept an H-bond. Cleavage of the LNA substrate at the c(0) site by Escherichia coli RNase P RNA demonstrated that the transition state for cleavage...

Modified nucleotides are useful tools to study the structures, biological functions and chemical and thermodynamic stabilities of nucleic acids. Derivatives of 2,6-diaminopurine riboside (D) are one type of modified nucleotide. The presence of an additional amino group at position 2 relative to adenine results in formation of a third hydrogen bond when interacting with uridine. New method for c...