Non-native aquatic species can be introduced in new areas through emptying of the ballast tanks, with a high impact on health, economy and environment. This is considered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO): (i) in 2004, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BMW Convention) in orde...

In certain circumstances, superimposed interharmonics in the supply voltage can lead to oscillating luminous flux and cause light flicker. This phenomenon can be observed with filament lamps as well as with fluorescent lamps. Different items are dealt with in this paper: § Presentation of some experimental results: determination of the sensitivity curves for different types of lighting devices,...

Recent studies with numerical models regarding edge protection systems (EPS), class C according to standard EN 13374, showed that some requirements are inadequate for human safety. This problem mainly arises when a person is injured by falling directly against the EPS supports. To analyse this subject, three series of numerical models, in accordance with EN 13374, have been produced. The paper ...

This paper evaluates the different AREMA gradations currently in use for their effects on both ballast void space and load carrying performances using a discrete particle analysis computational technique called Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The effect of gradation on aggregate assembly volumetric properties was first studied. Full-scale ballast layers with common gradations listed in AREMA s...

Ballast, typically comprising large sized aggregate particles with uniform gradation, is an essential layer in the railroad track substructure. Functions of ballast include facilitating load distribution and drainage, maintaining track geometry and track stability, and providing track resilience and noise absorption. Throughout its service life, ballast goes through changes in gradation and par...

In this article, monitoring of ballast water after its treatment by any of BWTS (Ballast Water Treatment System) on board ships has been analyzed. The efficiency of those systems has shown to be the major problem as there are no systems for tracking ship ballast operations. The overall aim of the study was to emphasize the necessity of monitoring the ballast water treatment on board ships and t...

Ballast water may, when discharged, cause the spread of nonindigenous and potentially invasive species. International ballast water treatment regulations have accelerated the development of new methods to detect, enumerate and assess the status of organisms in the water to be discharged. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a powerful technique with a broad range of applications with the possibility for mul...

CONDUCTION-MODE VOLTAGE SOURCE CHARGE-PUMP POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ELECTRONIC BALLAST * Ray-Lee Lin, Hsu-Ming Shih, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Chen-Yao Liu, Kuo-Bin Liu, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan Abstract This paper presents the piezoelectric transformer (PT) based continuous-conduction-mode (CCM) voltage source (VS) charge-pump (CP) pow...

It is well established that cyst-forming phytoplankton species are transported in ships' ballast tanks. However, there is increasing evidence that other phytoplankton species which do not encyst are also capable of surviving ballast transit. These species have alternative modes of nutrition (hetero- or mixotrophy) and/or are able to survive long-term darkness. In our studies of no-ballast-on-bo...