OBJECTIVE To examine attitudinal changes of bar owners and staff regarding a smoke-free bar law. DESIGN Bar owners and staff were random selected and telephone interviewed in June 1998, shortly after a smoke-free bar law was enacted, and October 2002. Similar instruments were used in both surveys to collect data on attitudes related to secondhand smoke (SHS) and behaviours related to the smok...

Let S be a set of horizontal line segments, or bars, in the plane. We say that G is a bar visibility graph, and S its bar visibility representation, if there exists a one-to-one correspondence between vertices of G and bars in S, such that there is an edge between two vertices in G if and only if there exists an unobstructed vertical line of sight between their corresponding bars. If bars are a...

The paper presents anatomical considerations on the pterygoalar bar and the pterygoalar foramen of the human skull. The pterygoalar bar is a bony bridge that stretches between the lateral pterygoid lamina and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, while the space under this bar is termed the pterygoalar foramen. These structures were noted in 5 out of 70 investigated skulls. The length of the p...

We present sensitive, high resolution observations of neutral hydrogen (HI) in the unusually gas-rich, oval distortion of the Seyfert galaxy NGC4151. The gas dynamics of the oval are found to be consistent with those of a kinematically weak bar, fully confirming previous suggestions for the presence of a fat bar, and, for the first time, individual gaseous features in the bar are spatially reso...

We propose a backward angle recoding (BAR) method to eliminate redundant CORDIC elementary rotations and hence expedite the CORDIC rotation computation. We prove that for each of the linear, circular, and hyperbolic CORDIC rotations, the use of BAR guarantees more than 50% reduction of elementary CORDIC rotations provided the scaling factor needs not be kept constant. The proposed BAR algorithm...

Instability of transgene expression in plants is often associated with complex multicopy patterns of transgene integration at the same locus, as well as position effects due to random integration. Based on maize transposable elements Activator (Ac) and Dissociation (Ds), we developed a method to generate large numbers of transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare var Golden Promise) plants, each carryi...

We report the development of a micromachined magnetic-bar micromixer for microscale fluid mixing in biological laboratory-on-a-chip applications. The mixer design is inspired by large scale magnetic bar mixers. A rotating magnetic field causes a single magnetic bar or an array of them to rotate rapidly within a fluid environment. A fabrication process of the magnetic bar mixer is developed. Res...

Bar Induction occupies a central place in Brouwerian mathematics. This note is concerned with the strength of Bar Induction on the basis of Constructive ZermeloFraenkel Set Theory, CZF. It is shown that CZF augmented by decidable Bar Induction proves the 1-consistency of CZF. This answers a question of P. Aczel who used Bar Induction to give a proof of the Lusin Separation Theorem in the constr...

BACKGROUND In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a new rule requiring most prescription and some over-the-counter pharmaceutical products to carry bar codes down to the level of individual doses, with the intent of reducing the number of medication errors. Despite these regulatory changes in the United States, Health Canada has not yet adopted any mandatory bar-coding of drugs. ...

effects of homogenization sequence (before or after heating) and homogenization pressure (0, 50, or 150 bar) were studied on the certain textural properties of milk-based creamy dessert including hardness, surface tension and syneresis. also, the microstructure of the treatments was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (sem). homogenization at 50 bar after heating led to the highest hard...