Through the integrated approach of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, four Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery acquired during 1979 and 2008 were used to quantitatively characterize the patterns of land use and land cover change (LULC) and urban sprawl in the fast-growing Shanghai Metropolis, China. Results showed that, the urban/built-up area grew on average by 4,242.06 ha ...

Within a military land activity context, relationships between stream water chemistry and watershed land use, topography and vegetation were explored at the Fort Benning Military Installation, Georgia. Water quality parameters, including pH, temperature, conductivity, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, chloride, and total suspended solids, were routinely measured i...

Land surface emissivity (LSE) in the thermal infrared depends mainly on the ground cover and on changes in soil moisture. The LSE is a critical variable that affects the prediction accuracy of geophysical models requiring land surface temperature as an input, highlighting the need for an accurate derivation of LSE. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that diurnal changes in...

Analysis of the full waveform return pulse of laser altimeter systems is expected to increase the possibilities and accuracy in well-known applications of laser altimetry like DTM generation, forestry and earth surface analysis. NASA’s ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) was launched in 2003 and acquires full waveform data along profiles covering the entire earth. In this study, the...

Achieving more timely, accurate and transparent information on the distribution and dynamics of the world’s land cover is essential to understanding the fundamental characteristics, processes and threats associated with human-nature-climate interactions. Higher resolution (~30–50 m) land cover mapping is expected to advance the understanding of the multi-dimensional interactions of the human-na...

The buoyant forces of water during aquatic exercise may provide a form of 'natural' breast support and help to minimise breast motion and alleviate exercise induced breast pain. Six larger-breasted females performed standing vertical land and water-based jumps, whilst wearing three breast support conditions. Underwater video cameras recorded the motion of the trunk and right breast. Trunk and r...

This paper presents a post-classification approach that can achieve efficient results for change detection by using AdaBoost classifier. In the first step, a land cover of satellite image is classified in the independent fashion. For the stable classification of man-made structures, 3D features are employed. 3D co-occurrence feature is used with 2D co-occurrence feature and Harr-like feature. A...

Understanding the land use history has proven crucial for the conservation of biodiversity in the agricultural landscape. In southern Sweden, very small and fragmented areas of the disturbance-dependent habitat xeric sand calcareous grassland support a large number of threatened and rare plants and animals. In order to find out if historical land use could explain variation in present-day habit...

Numerous classifiers have been developed and different classifiers have their own characteristics. Controversial results often occurred depending on the landscape complexity of the study area and the data used. Therefore, this paper aims to find a suitable classifier for the tropical land cover classification. Five classifiers – minimum distance classifier (MDC), maximum likelihood classifier (...

A C++ language-based software tool for retrieving land surface temperature (LST) from the data of Landsat TM/ ETM+ band6 is developed. It has two main functional modules: (1) Three methods to compute the ground emissivity based on land use/cover classification image, NDVI image and the ratio values of vegetation and bare ground and (2) Converting digital numbers (DNs) from TM/ETM+ band6 to LST....