The T7, T3, and SP6 RNA polymerases recognize very similar, yet distinct, promoter sequences. The high homology among the promoter sequences suggests that differential promoter recognition must derive from relatively small changes in the protein. Steady-state kinetic analyses of transcription from the T3 consensus promoter and from promoters modified in the region critical to specific recogniti...

Aptamers can be highly specific for their targets, which implies precise molecular recognition between aptamer and target. However, as small polymers, their structures are more subject to environmental conditions than the more constrained longer RNAs such as those that constitute the ribosome. To understand the balance between structural and environmental factors in establishing ligand specific...

The comprehension of argument order variations has long posed an interesting challenge for psycholinguistic research. Typically, the processing of varying orders has been described in terms of reconstruction to a base order, i.e. in terms of a positional association between a particular argument and a specific (underlying) position in the phrase structure tree, which guarantees the correct inte...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to evaluate changes in obstruction site in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients according to sleep position. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case series. METHODS Eighty-five patients who had undergone level 1 sleep study and drug-induced sleep endoscopy in the supine and lateral positions were included. Obstruction sites were classified as soft palate (SP),...

One of the most prevalent base modifications involved in decoding is uridine 5-oxyacetic acid at the wobble position of tRNA. It has been known for several decades that this modification enables a single tRNA to decode all four codons in a degenerate codon box. We have determined structures of an anticodon stem-loop of tRNA(Val) containing the modified uridine with all four valine codons in the...

One of the most prevalent base modifications involved in decoding is uridine 5-oxyacetic acid at the wobble position of tRNA. It has been known for several decades that this modification enables a single tRNA to decode all four codons in a degenerate codon box. We have determined structures of an anticodon stem-loop of tRNAVal containing the modified uridine with all four valine codons in the d...

LNS is applicable for low-power design at logic level because it reduces the bit activity. A design parameter that is often neglected despite playing a key role in an LNS-based processor performance is the base of the logarithm b [4], [5], as demonstrated in Fig. 1. The choice of base has a substantial impact on the average bit activity. Figure 1 shows activity per bit position; i.e., the proba...

One of the most prevalent base modifications involved in decoding is uridine 5-oxyacetic acid at the wobble position of tRNA. It has been known for several decades that this modification enables a single tRNA to decode all four codons in a degenerate codon box. We have determined structures of an anticodon stem-loop of tRNAVal containing the modified uridine with all four valine codons in the d...

DNA hairpins in which an electron donor and an electron acceptor are attached to the ends are excellent model systems for the study of charge transfer in weakly coupled pi-stacked systems. In this communication we report on a computational study of the effect of the base pair sequence in these DNA hairpins on the kinetics of charge transfer. We show that the rate of charge transfer strongly dep...

This paper presents an attitude control strategy in the three planar space robots having two DOF for docking operation of a free flying hexagonal object using the bond graph technique for modeling and simulation. As the highly non linearity, strongly coupled and non-holonomic characteristics of a free flying space robot, the position and posture of the base body changes when the free floating s...