The underground commoditization of compromised hosts suggests a tacit capability where miscreants leverage the same machine—subscribed by multiple criminal ventures—to simultaneously profit from spam, fake account registration, malicious hosting, and other forms of automated abuse. To expedite the detection of these commonly abusive hosts, there are now multiple industrywide efforts that aggreg...

The transition to the New Economy accelerated in the last half of the 1990s. Using new economy index measures, one can see that rapid growth in service sector activity from 1990 to 2000, at 45 percent, overshadowed the performance of the nation’s manufacturing sector, at 22 percent (Atkinson and Court). We now live in an economy where 80 percent of all workers do not produce things. Even within...

The structure of the U.S. economy is analyzed to determine whether a shift has occurred from a service to an information economy. National Income Accounting concepts are reviewed to facilitate a critical comparison of the works of Machlup and Porat. Evidence about the future of an information economy is reviewed. It is concluded that the growth of the information economy will not continue at th...

Ben Fine and Dimitris Milonakis have done political economy a great service by drawing attention to the insights lost in the twists, turns and reductions in the transition from political economy to economics. These two volumes constitute a solid foundation upon which a new generation can build a political economy for the future. This review presses some of their meta-theoretical arguments a lit...

nowadays, participation plays an important role as an effective approach in achieving a permanent livelihood and establishing a sustainable economic system in rural areas. in fact, the approach of participation creates an appropriate field for the continuity of rural economic systems by providing a proper background of cooperation and establishing an informational flow in different parts of pro...

quality of service (qos) is an important issue in the design and management of web service composition. qos in web services consists of various non-functional factors, such as execution cost, execution time, availability, successful execution rate, and security. in recent years, the number of available web services has proliferated, and then offered the same services increasingly. the same web ...

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In the last few years, service-oriented computing has become an emerging research topic in response to the shift from product-oriented economy to service-oriented economy and the move from focusing on software/ system development to addressing business-IT alignment. From an IT perspective, there is a proliferation of methods and languages for describing Web services. There has not been as much ...