We describe here a rapid and comprehensive screening method for 40 commonly used sedatives and tranquilizers with use of gas-liquid chromatography. Barbiturates, nonbarbiturate sedatives, and tranquilizers of the phenothiazine, benzodiazepine, and dibenzazepine type can be both identified and measured in serum. A simple solvent extraction at different pH values, with subsequent solvent partitio...

"Organic synthesis" is a compound-creating activity often focused on biologically active small molecules. This special issue of PNAS explores innovations and trends in the field that are enabling the synthesis of new types of small-molecule probes and drugs. This perspective article frames the research described in the special issue but also explores how these modern capabilities can both foste...

The review of the RP HPLC analysis of basic psychotropic drugs is presented. It contains sample preparation methods with centrifugation, protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and RP-HPLC analysis. Chromatographic behavior of bas...

We present a procedure for the determination of verapamil and its metabolite, norverapamil, in serum. The drugs are extracted under basic conditions into n-heptane/2-butanol (96/4 by vol) and then extracted again into 1 mol/L H2SO4. The acidic solution is made basic with sodium hydroxide, re-extracted with diethyl ether, and the extract evaporated. The residue is redissolved in ethanol and anal...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure the body by converting angiotensin-I into angiotensin-II. It is basic component of Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), imbalance RAAS may leads to many cardiovascular and renal diseases. There are marketed available drugs for inhibition ACE, but prolonged use some cause progressive side effects. Re...

conclusions students are considered one of the most vulnerable groups of society. the students living in dormitories are more vulnerable to drug abuse due to the lack of parental supervision and the impact of peer pressure. therefore, localization of acceptance at universities in order to prevent cultural mixing of students and education programs for teaching life skills to students efficiently...

the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of antihypertensive drugs on aortic atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. in enalapril and nifedipine treated rabbits aortic atherosclerotic plaque involvement was significantly decreased (p<0. oland p

the youth trend factors addiction to drugs was the purpose of this research. in the other words, it is attempted to answer to essential question what factors are caused to the addiction in the youth? to reach to answer the above question, it is used mainly from four theoretical perspectives namely anomaly theory, isolationism theory, labeling theory and sutherland learning theory. the independe...

Anti-TB drugs for children: Aetiotropic therapy is used the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in children, as well adult patients. Anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB drugs) are divided into 3 lines, taking account drug sensitivity Mycobacterium (MBT). First-line anti-TBdrugs (basic) to treat TB caused by drug-susceptible MBT. Second- and third-line (reserve) recommended MBT-induced multidrug-resistant (MD...