Phytophthora plurivora causes severe damage on Fagus sylvatica and is responsible for the extensive decline of European Beech throughout Europe. Unfortunately, no effective treatment against this disease is available. Phosphite (Phi) is known to protect plants against Phytophthora species; however, its mode of action towards P. plurivora is still unknown. To discover the effect of Phi on root i...

Climate and atmospheric changes affect forest ecosystems worldwide, but little is known about the interactive effects of global change drivers on tree growth. In the present study, we analyzed single and combined effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and drought events (D) on the growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings in a greenhouse experiment. We quantified morphological and p...

The relationship between percentage of empty seed (Pes) and genetic factors was explored in an isolated stand of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Nine allozyme loci (GOT-B, IDH-A, LAP-A, MDH-B, MDH-C, MNR-A, 6-PGDH-A, PGI-B and PGM-A) were used to estimate genetic factors. Pes ranged from 4.8% to 40.9% for seed samples of 91 trees within the stand and showed an approximate normal distributi...

On the Vidlič mountain, mixed mesophilic mountain beech forests (Fagetum submontanum serbicum) have been recorded at altitudes of 700 - 1000 m, following localities: Crni vrh, Vazganica, Kranjci, Planinarski dom, and Visočka Ržana. Phytocenological research was performed on mentioned localities by Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964). It taken 11 phytocenological plots. Beech (Fagus moe...

Hydraulic conductivity in the terminal branches of mature beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) decreased progressively during winter and recovered in the spring. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in recovery. Two periods of recovery were identified. The first recovery of hydraulic conductivity occurred early in the spring, before bud break, and was correlated with...

The aim of the paper is to apply point processes to root data modelling. We propose a new approach to parametric inference when the data are inhomogeneous replicated marked point patterns. We generalize Geyer's saturation point process to a model, which combines inhomogeneity, marks and interaction between the marked points. Furthermore, the inhomogeneity influences the definition of the neighb...

The test panels obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) were initially adjusted to have 8%, 10%, and 12% moisture content in this study. One-component semimatte and two-component water borne varnishes were applied on the surfaces in order to investigate the effect of the type and the moisture content of the wood on the hardness and the gloss values...

The long-term durability of varnished wooden surfaces used in either indoors or outdoors environments depends on the resistance of varnish layers on these surfaces against potential physical, mechanical and chemical effects to which they may be exposed. In this study, "Nanolacke ultraviolet varnish", developed by a Turkish dying and varnish industry company and widely accepted as a 21(st) centu...

during visit beech forests of mazandaran province in may and june of 2010-2011, some infected twigs of fagus sylvatica with signs of fungal infection were collected. laboratory analysis revealed acervular fruiting bodies on infected twigs. acervulus up to 500 μm in diameter and forming a black spot on main and secondary twigs. conidia erumpent, form black masses over the acervulus. conidia are ...

In a greenhouse experiment, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were applied on European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) leaves using the droplet application method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that after 24 h mostly present in aggregates or as single particles surface of leaf, surrounding covering stomata. Analyses cross sections leaf revealed some adhering to cell walls mesophyll...