Ethicists argue that deception is unacceptable, whereas researchers regard it as a necessary part of (certain kinds of) research. This impasse could be resolved by establishing the specific conditions under which deception in medical and behavioral research can be tolerated. An approach based on a consideration of the "Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct," one of the few wri...

The phase diagram for the vacancy-ordered structures in the substoichiometric TiC(x) (x = 0.5-1.0) has been established from Monte Carlo simulations with the long-range pair and multisite effective interactions obtained from ab initio calculations. Three ordered superstructures of vacancies (Ti(2)C, Ti(3)C(2), and Ti(6)C(5)) are found to be ground state configurations. Their stability has been ...

This article experimentally studies a two-stage elimination contest and compares its performance with a one-stage contest. Contrary to the theory, the two-stage contest generates higher revenue than the equivalent one-stage contest. There is significant over-dissipation in both stages of the two-stage contest and experience diminishes over-dissipation in the first stage but not in the second st...

This paper is a theoretical and empirically informed examination of the naturalist distinction between withholding and withdrawing life-support. Drawing on the history of mechanical ventilation and on a recent Israeli law containing a novel approach to disconnecting life-support at the end of life, it is argued that the design of machines predicates the division line between "active" and "passi...

This paper introduces valency as an adaptive mechanism. It has been previously hypothesised that valency assesses the agent’s behavioural patterns and guides adaptation. However, we argue that it acts furthermore as a mechanism guiding the interaction between learning and evolution. Unlike previous studies, we hypothesise that behaviour related information must be underspecified in the genes an...

Ideological preferences within the American electorate are contingent on both the environmental conditions that provide the content of the contemporary political debate and internal predispositions that motivate people to hold liberal or conservative policy preferences. In this article we apply Jost, Federico, and Napier's (2009) top-down/bottom-up theory of political attitude formation to a ge...

Although households are responsible for many important decisions, they have rarely been the subject of economics experiments. We conduct a series of linked and incentivized experiments on decision-making, designed to see if the anomalies typically found in individual choice experiments are found when the subjects are couples from long-term relationships. Specifically we investigate the endowmen...

In this report, the authors propose a method of designing behavioral patterns analogically. We applied this method to design a wavelike behavior of a robot arm based on the movement of a snake. In order for the behavioral pattern being designed by the analogical method to have more creativity, we introduced behavioral criteria to extend this behavior design method.