Findings in behavioral science, including psychology, have influenced policies and reforms in many nations. Choice architecture can affect outcomes even if material incentives are not involved. In some contexts, default rules, simplification, and social norms have had even larger effects than significant economic incentives. Psychological research is helping to inform initiatives in savings, fi...

The marble burying test is a simple behavioral psychopharmacology task in which rodents, especially rats and mice, are exposed to glass marbles laying on thick bedding materials. This test has been widely used to assess the effects of a variety of psychoactive drugs. Although the marble burying test clearly reflects drug efficacy, many aspects of the behavior itself remain unclear. In the prese...

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, proposed in 1943, has been one of the most cognitively contagious ideas in the behavioral sciences. Anticipating later evolutionary views of human motivation and cognition, Maslow viewed human motives as based in innate and universal predispositions. We revisit the idea of a motivational hierarchy in light of theoretical developments at the interface of evolutio...

The process-dissociation procedure was developed to separate the controlled and automatic contributions of memory. It has spawned the development of a host of new measurement approaches and has been applied across a broad range of fields in the behavioral sciences, ranging from studies of memory and perception to neuroscience and social psychology. Although it has not been without its shortcomi...

While there has been a large body of negotiation literature in both Behavioral Science (behavioral) and Artificial Intelligence/Game Theory (computational) communities, there has not been an attempt to bridge the two communities to our best knowledge. In this paper, we compare and contrast the characteristics of behavioral and computational literature in negotiation. We discover that incorporat...

UNLABELLED Food fraud, including the more defined subcategory of economically motivated adulteration, is a food risk that is gaining recognition and concern. Regardless of the cause of the food risk, adulteration of food is both an industry and a government responsibility. Food safety, food fraud, and food defense incidents can create adulteration of food with public health threats. Food fraud ...

This investigation explored whether teaching a case-based seminar influenced dental students' perceptions of the importance of various factors for diagnosis and treatment planning. In addition, the effects of an interdisciplinary approach to case-based teaching were analyzed. During the winter semesters 2004 and 2005, 204 second-year dental students participated in a case-based comprehensive ca...

Contextual factors are crucial for evaluative research in psychology, as they provide insights into what works, for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects, and why. Studying behavior in context, however, poses numerous methodological challenges. Although a comprehensive framework for classifying methods seeking to quantify biopsychosocial aspects in everyday contexts was recently propose...

Scholars in recent years applying the sciences of complexity to social and behavioral phenomena have suffered from two distinct problems. One group of studies focused on the production of revealing metaphors at the cost of analytical rigor. Another set of studies developed mathematical models and techniques that remained remote to even sophisticated students of the sciences of complexity. Durin...

September 2003 can be considered the public launch of the study of built environment and physical activity. In that month both the American Journal of Public Health and American Journal of Health Promotion published special issues on built environment, physical activity, and health. A notable characteristic of the journals was the unusual diversity of academic disciplines represented, including...