The lungs move air in and out like bellows. Fresh, oxygen-rich air mixes with intrapulmonary air. Oxygen is carried with the circulation and carbon dioxide is excreted with the exhaled air. Various mechanisms maintain the purposeful distribution of ventilation and circulation. Very much of the complicated physiology and pathophysiology is already known, and it has recently become possible to ob...

CONTEXT Yoga is an ancient science, which originated in India. Pranayama has been assigned a very important role in yogic system of exercises. It is known that regular practice of breathing exercises (pranayama) increases parasympathetic tone, decreases sympathetic activity, and improves cardiovascular functions. Different types of breathing exercises alter autonomic balance for good by either ...

INTRODUCTION: Motion due to respiration poses a significant challenge for MR imaging of the abdomen and thorax. However, it is possible to compensate for the motion, e.g. by accepting data from only a certain respiration phase, when the temporal phases during the acquisition are known. Traditionally, the respiration phases are obtained using respiration bellows, but the clinical acceptance of s...

A rugged jet expansion module was designed, built, and utilized to sample liquefied gas for gas chromatography-discharge ionization detector (GC-DID) analysis. The module is inserted at an intermediate stage between a higher pressure sample cylinder and lower pressure gas injection manifold. The title jet module permits selection of liquid-phase or vapor-phase sampling by setting the valve-cyli...