Structural equation model (SEM) trees are data-driven tools for finding variables that predict group differences in SEM parameters. build upon the decision tree paradigm by growing structures divide a data set recursively into homogeneous subsets. In past research, have been estimated predominantly with R package semtree . The original algorithm selects split among covariates calculating likeli...

We prove that many properties and invariants of definable groups in NIP theories, such as definable amenability, G/G00, etc., are preserved when passing to the theory of the Shelah expansion by externally definable sets, Mext, of a model M . In the light of these results we continue the study of the “definable topological dynamics” of groups in NIP theories. In particular we prove the Ellis gro...

Here, T is the time of an event and Z a p-dimensional vector of covariates, φ a square integrable function, and F(t | z) = P (T ≤ t | Z = z) and H( dz) = P (Z ∈ dz) denote the conditional survival distribution and the marginal law of Z , respectively. For example, θ(I {t > t∗}) is the marginal survival probability at time t∗, θ(I {t > t∗, z1 > z∗ 1}) the bivariate distribution at (t∗, z∗ 1) (Ak...

Theorem 1.1 (Hrushovski’s Theorem 3.5). Let G be a definable group, X a definable subset, and G̃ be the ∨-definable group generated by X. Suppose all this data is defined over a model M . Suppose μ is an M-invariant translation-invariant ideal on subsets of G̃. Let q be a wide type over M , contained in G̃. Identify q with its ∧-definable set of realizations. Suppose (F) there exist two realizatio...

In this paper we prove that if κ is a cardinal in L[0]], then there is an inner model M such that M |= (Vκ,∈) has no elementary end extension. In particular if 0] exists, then weak compactness is never downwards absolute. We complement the result with a lemma stating that any cardinal greater than א1 of uncountable cofinality in L[0]] is Mahlo in every strict inner model of L[0]].

Many authors focus on detecting accounting record manipulation using various models and investigating the reasons of falsification alteration. In general, tax base is changed because its optimization benefits business. Various research studies show that CEO one who commences process updating data. As a result, we'd like to gender persons initiate most frequently. By recognizing inventive accoun...

The following assertion is an exercise in Lecture 4. Let ψ be a complete sentence in Lω1,ω in a countable language L. Then there is a countable language L ′ extending L and a first order L′-theory T such that reduct is a 1-1 map from the atomic models of T onto the models of ψ. So in particular, any complete sentence of Lω1,ω can be replaced (for spectrum purposes) by considering the atomic mod...

This paper presents a Bayesian interpretation of maximum entropy image reconstruction and shows that exp(αS(/, m)), where S(f,m) is the entropy of image / relative to model m, is the only consistent prior probability distribution for positive, additive images. It also leads to a natural choice for the regularizing parameter α, that supersedes the traditional practice of setting χ = N. The new c...

In this paper we answer a question of Friedman, providing an ω-separable model M of the λβη-calculus. There therefore exists an α-separable model for any α ≥ 0. The model M permits no non-trivial enrichment as a partial order; neither does it permit an enrichment as a category with an initial object. The open term model embeds in M: by way of contrast we provide a model which cannot embed in an...