BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Predicting the risk of drug-induced adverse psychiatric effects is important but currently not possible in non-human species. We investigated whether the affective bias test (ABT) could provide a preclinical method with translational and predictive validity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The ABT is a bowl-digging task, which quantifies biases associated with learning and memory...

Assuming the low molecular reorientation approximation, the formulae for the third-order electric polarization induced in liquids composed of rigid noninteracting dipolar, symmetric-top molecules in spherical solvents were derived. Our medium is acted on by a strong external dc bias electric field superimposed on a weak ac electric field, and the classical Smoluchowski– Debye equation for rotat...

A highly sensitive absorption-based sensor based on folded split-ring metamaterial graphene resonators (FSRMGRs) is designed, and its biomedical application in terahertz (THz) spectrum investigated. The has a nearly perfect absorption, with spectral absorption coefficient of 99.75% at 4 THz an average Q-factor 13.76. resonance peak frequency to the refractive index (RI) test medium (analyte), f...

Past accounting experiments have demonstrated signi®cant e€ects of absorption vs variable costing systems on pricing decisions, but in individual settings that suppressed market features. The main ®nding of the current study is that a cost-based pricing bias did not persist in laboratory product markets. Given the opportunity to learn from pro®t and market feedback, sellers revised their price ...

The two statistical studies of spectra from multiple heavy element transitions in quasar absorption systems report conflicting results on a varying fine-structure constant, α. Re-analysis of Srianand et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 121302 (2004)] reveals flawed parameter estimation methods. These caused errors to be underestimated by a factor of ∼ 3 and may contribute to an existing strong bias in...

In this work the impedance of separate-absorption-charge-multiplication Ge/Si avalanche photodiodes (APD) is characterized over a large range of bias voltage. An equivalent circuit with an inductive element is presented for modeling the Ge/Si APD. All the parameters for the elements included in the equivalent circuit are extracted by fitting the measured S(22) with the genetic algorithm optimiz...

We report new modeling and error reduction methods for differential-absorption optical-depth (DAOD) measurements of atmospheric constituents using direct-detection integrated-path differential-absorption lidars. Errors from laser frequency noise are quantified in terms of the line center fluctuation and spectral line shape of the laser pulses, revealing relationships verified experimentally. A ...

We consider a molecular single electron transistor coupled to a vibrational mode. For some values of the bias and gate voltage transport is possible only by absorption of one ore more phonons. The system acts then as a cooler for the mechanical mode at the condition that the electron temperature is lower than the phonon temperature. The final effective temperature of the vibrational mode depend...

Although the definition and measurement techniques for atmospheric “black carbon” (“BC”) or “elemental carbon” (“EC”) have long been subjects of scientific controversy, the recent discovery of light-absorbing carbon that is not black (“brown carbon, Cbrown”) makes it imperative to reassess and redefine the components that make up lightabsorbing carbonaceous matter (LAC) in the atmosphere. Evide...