Croatia has always been a multilingual environment. The influence of German and Italian was empowered through direct political influence. During the second part of the 18th and in the 19th century native speakers of German and Italian used Croatian as a second language carrying out their duties at work. This bilingualism can tentatively be referred to as bureaucratic bilingualism. Native Croati...

Leonie Cornips is affiliated to the Department of Language Variation, Meertens Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and is professor in the Department of Literature and Art, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University. She is a researcher in variationist linguistics and has extensively worked on the morphosyntactic variation in new varieties of Dutch, but als...

Research on individual multilingualism and third language acquisition has expanded greatly in recent years. A theoretical correlate of this is the recognition of the fact that humans are potentially multilingual by nature, that multilingualism is the normal state of language competence, and that this in turns has implications for an adequate theory of language competence, use and acquisition. T...

In an age when demand for innovative and motivating language teaching methodologies is at a very high level, TREAT the Trilingual REAding Tutor combines the most advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques with the latest second and third language acquisition (SLA/TLA), as well as computer-assisted language learning (CALL) research in an intuitive and user-friendly environment that ha...

The present article examines the relationship between age and dominance in bilingual populations. Age in bilingualism is understood as the point in devel10 opment at which second language (L2) acquisition begins and as the chronological age of users of two languages. Age of acquisition (AoA) is a factor in determining which of a bilingual’s two languages is dominant and to what degree, and it, ...

OBJECTIVE Clinic-based studies suggest that dementia is diagnosed at older ages in bilinguals compared with monolinguals. The current study sought to test this hypothesis in a large, prospective, community-based study of initially nondemented Hispanic immigrants living in a Spanish-speaking enclave of northern Manhattan. METHOD Participants included 1,067 participants in the Washington/Hamilt...

The goal of the present review is to discuss recent cognitive neuroscientific findings concerning bilingualism. Three interrelated questions about the bilingual brain are addressed: How are multiple languages represented in the brain? how are languages controlled in the brain? and what are the real-world implications of experience with multiple languages? The review is based on neuroimaging res...

The comparison of English wh-questions acquisition by monolinguals, bilinguals and EFL learners showed inter-groups similarities, which included formulaic use, overgeneralization, non-inverted structures, archiforms, double marking auxiliaries past tense. authors suggest a special role there is/are structures in the learners. research results allow assuming impact universal factors upon process...

As is well known, the study of L2 acquisition provides essential insights about the language learning process in general. Approaching language learning through the study of L1 acquisition alone yields an incomplete and potentially erroneous view of the language faculty. For example, L2 study critically informs such debates as the "maturation of linguistic principles" proposed for L1 learning. P...