Serine proteases are involved in several biochemical processes that are essential for the biology of pathogens, including Leishmania sp. Considering their importance, an interest in serine proteases for vaccine development against leishmaniasis has been raised. As targets, these enzymes have demonstrated a dual role in a vaccine against leishmaniasis, both protective and a counter-protective, d...

Proteins interacting at multiple sites on DNA via looping play an important role in many fundamental biochemical processes. Restriction endonucleases that must bind at two recognition sites for efficient activity are a useful model system for studying such interactions. Here we used single DNA manipulation to study sixteen known or suspected two-site endonucleases. In eleven cases (BpmI, BsgI, ...

Changes in protein conformation play a vital role in biochemical processes, from biopolymer synthesis to membrane transport. Initial systematizations of protein flexibility, in a database framework, concentrated on the movement of domains and linkers. Movements were described in terms of simple sliding and hinging mechanisms of individual secondary structural elements. Recently, the accelerated...

Analysis of many biochemical processes is of great significance for clinical, biological, food, environmental as well as bioterror applications. But, exchanging of the biochemical information to kind of electronic signal is a defiance due to connecting an electronic tool directly to a biological surrounding. Electrochemical detection instrument due to its advantageous to analyze the subject of ...

The circadian clock is a self-sustaining oscillator that has a period of approximately 24 h and controls many physiological and behavioral systems. This clock can synchronize itself to changing environmental conditions to optimize an organisms performance. The underlying circadian rhythms are generated by periodic activation of transcription by a set of clock genes. Besides their own regulation...

We have witnessed a dramatic increase in the frequency and diversity of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes over the past two decades, which poses a threat to the sustainability of agriculture at both local and global levels. In addition, non-target-site mechanisms of herbicide resistance seem to be increasingly implicated. Non-target-site herbicide resistance normally involves the biochemical mo...

This paper is concerned with a class of nonlinear reaction-hyperbolic systems as models for axonal transport in neuroscience. We show the global existence of entropy-satisfying BV-solutions to the initial-value problems by using hyperbolic-type methods. Moreover, we rigorously justify the limit as the biochemical processes are much faster than the transport ones.

Molecular phenotyping technologies (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) offer the possibility to simultaneously obtain multivariate time series (MTS) data from different levels of information processing and metabolic conversions in biological systems. As a result, MTS data capture the dynamics of biochemical processes and components whose couplings may involve different scales ...

Stomata control the flow of gases between plants and the atmosphere. This review is centered on stomatal responses to elevated CO2 concentration and considers other key environmental factors and underlying mechanisms at multiple levels. First, an outline of general responses in stomatal conductance under elevated CO2 is presented. Second, stomatal density response, its development, and the trad...

In addition to differences in the pharmacodynamic response in the infant, the dose and the pharmacokinetic processes acting upon that dose principally determine the efficacy and/or safety of a therapeutic or inadvertent exposure. At a given dose, significant differences in therapeutic efficacy and toxicant susceptibility exist between the newborn and adult. Immature pharmacokinetic processes in...