the down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor, which was developed for post-treatment of effluent from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) process treating sewage, uses polyurethane sponge as media to retain biomass. wastewater is trickled from the top of the reactor and purified by microorganisms retained both inside and outside of the sponge media as the wastewater flows vertically down thro...

A mathematical model for the prediction of internal recirculation of complex impinging stream reactors has been presented. The model constitutes a repetition of a series of ideal plug flow reactors and CSTR reactors with recirculation. The simplicity of the repeating motif allows for the derivation of an algebraic relation of the whole system using the Laplace transform. An impinging stream...

ChannelCOMB, a consecutive flow distributor, was constructed by additive manufacturing (AM) for experimental validation. The feasibility of using AM experimentally analyzed two techniques: stereolithography (tolerance 50 µm) and fused deposition modeling 100 µm). For the best ChannelCOMB configuration, SLA printing shows maximum ca. 4 % in deviation, while FDM has 15 %. Thus, technique promotes...

Implementation of partial nitritation anammox (PNA) in the mainstream (municipal wastewater treatment) is still under investigation. Microbial community structure and reactor type can influence the performance of PNA reactor; yet, little is known about the role of the community composition of the inoculum and the reactor configuration under mainstream conditions. Therefore, this study investiga...

This study investigates interactions between recently identified denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes in controlled anoxic laboratory reactors. Two reactors were seeded with the same inocula containing DAMO organisms Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens and Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera, and anammox organism Candidatus Ku...

multiphase impeller stirred tank reactors enhance mixing of reacting species used in a variety of chemical industries. these reactors have been studied based on computational fluid dynamics (cfd) that can be used in the analysis, design and scale up of these reactors. most of the researches done in this area are limited to single phase reactors, and a few remaining two phase flow investigations...

Complex organic substrates represent an important and relevant feedstock for producing hydrogen by Dark Fermentation (DF). Usually, external microbial inoculum originated from various natural environments is added to seed the DF reactors. However, H2 yields are significantly impacted origin storage conditions as community composition can fluctuate. This study aims determine how type time of imp...

Optimization of the continuous fermentation process is important for increasing efficiency and decreasing cost, especially complicated biochemical processes described by substrate product inhibition. The optimum design (minimum volume) CSTRs in series assuming inhibition was determined this study. effect operating parameters on investigated. concentration feed to first reactor N reactors series...

III. 1. NUCLEAR FISSION REACTIONS ............................................................................................. 7 III. 2. NUCLEAR REACTORS ............................................................................................................. 7 III. 3. SPALLATION SOURCES ..........................................................................................................

Recent statistics indicate that in 2005 the world consumed about 0.5 ZJ (ZJ = 10 Joules) of energy. If one assumes that the future world population stabilizes at 10 billions, and the people consume a similar amount of energy per capita to that of the people in the presently developed countries, the world will need about 2 ZJ a year. A recent survey of the available future energy resources indic...