introduction hepatitis b infection remains a major health problem worldwide and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. since it is transmitted parenterally, investigation of new cases of hepatitis b infections for potential routes of transmission plays a crucial role in controlling hepatitis b infection in the community. case presentation in this study, we reported a new case of hepa...

BACKGROUND Isoxazoles exhibit interesting biological activities, and the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition(13DC) reactions play an important role in both mechanistic and synthetic organic chemistry. Pyrazoles and annulated pyrazoles exhibit some diverse biological activities. They are used as antipyretic, analgesic drugs, tranquilizing, and herbicidal agents. Pyrazoles are also used extensively as usef...

Prices subject to change EUR price for Germany, USD price for USA only Regulatory documents and inspections have put increasing emphasis on process validation for all types of products, including biological and biotechnological ones. Until now, no description of a process validation for complex biological processes exists, let alone any concrete suggestion how to attain it: this book, however, ...

The potential of microalgae as a biomass feedstock for biofuels, bioproducts and as a technological solution for CO(2) fixation is subject to intense academic and industrial researches. However, current microalgal mass culture technologies have failed to produce bulk volume of microalgal biomass at low cost, because the contaminations of biological pollutants become a big constraint in mass cul...

Green protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been attracting a lot of attention because they are eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective. Nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by green routes and characterized for impact of green chemistry on the properties and biological effects of nanoparticles in the last five years. Green synthesis, properties, and applicati...

The single-handedness of biological molecules is critical for molecular recognition and replication processes and would seem to be a prerequisite for the origin of life. A drawback of recently reported synthetic routes to RNA is the requirement for enantioenriched reactants, which fails to address the puzzle of how the single chirality of biological molecules arose. Here, we report the synthesi...

During the past decades, numerous achievements concerning luminescent zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been reported due to their improved luminescence and good biocompatibility. The photoluminescence of ZnO NPs usually contains two parts, the exciton-related ultraviolet (UV) emission and the defect-related visible emission. With respect to the visible emission, many routes have been dev...