This article reviews the evidence supporting the efficacy of antidotes used or recommended for the potential chemical warfare agents of most concern. Chemical warfare agents considered include cyanide, vesicants, pulmonary irritants such as chlorine and phosgene, and nerve agents. The strength of evidence for most antidotes is weak, highlighting the need for additional research in this area.

During the last few years, many new research programs have emerged within the U.S. Army and the Department of Defense (DoD) that have been focused on advancing the state-of-the-art in terahertz (THz) frequency electronic technology and on investigating novel applications of THz frequency sensing. Similarly, there has been a steadily growing interest among the international scientific and techni...