Biosensors are nowadays ubiquitous in biomedical diagnosis as well as a wide range of other areas such as point-of-care monitoring of treatment and disease progression, environmental monitoring, food control, drug discovery, forensics and biomedical research. A wide range of techniques can be used for the development of biosensors. Their coupling with high-affinity biomolecules allows the sensi...

The quality of food is fundamentally based on biochemical composition of food. Therefore, this review summarizes recent advances in the fabrication of different types of Biosensors that have been designed for the measurement of various components in the horticultural samples. We review various biosensors ranging from electrochemical, calorimetric, optical, immunosensors to screen-printed three ...

Living cells have evolved to detect and process various signals and can self-replicate, presenting an attractive platform for engineering scalable and affordable biosensing devices. Microbes are perfect candidates: they are inexpensive and easy to manipulate and store. Recent advances in synthetic biology promise to streamline the engineering of microbial biosensors with unprecedented capabilit...

Fluorescent protein (FP)-based biosensors have revolutionized the ability of researchers to monitor enzyme activities in live cells. While the basic design principles for FP-based biosensors are well established, first-generation biosensor constructs typically suffer from relatively low fluorescence responses that limit their general applicability. The protein engineering efforts required to su...

In recent years, there have been signifi cant technological advancements in the manufacturing, types, and applications of biosensors. Applications include clinical and non-clinical diagnostics for home, bio-defense, bio-remediation, environment, agriculture, and the food industry. Biosensors have progressed beyond the detection of biological threats such as anthrax and are fi nding use in a num...

The increasing needs of personalized therapies have recently stimulated impressive advances in research and development of portable point-of-care biosensors for realtime monitoring as well as biosensors for drug development [1, 2]. Enzymatic amperometric biosensors based on the enzyme family cytochrome P450 (CYP) have drawn increasing attention because CYP is a monooxygenase enzyme primarily in...

In this work, electrochemical maltose biosensors based on mutants of the maltose binding protein (MBP) are developed. A ruthenium complex (Ru), which is covalently attached to MBP, serves as an electrochemical reporter of MBP conformational changes. Biosensors were made through direct attachment of Ru complex modified MBP to gold electrode surfaces. The responses of some individual mutants were...

The following review of sensors and biosensors focuses on the determination of commonly studied small molecule biological toxins, including mycotoxins and small molecule neurotoxins. Because of the high toxicity of small molecule toxins, an effective analysis technique for determining their toxicity is indispensable. Sensors and biosensors have emerged as sensitive and rapid techniques for toxi...

Biosensors are devices that are capable of detecting specific biological analytes and converting their presence or concentration into some electrical, thermal, optical or other signal that can be easily analysed. The first biosensor was designed by Clark and Lyons in 1962 as a means of measuring glucose. Since then, much progress has been made and the applications of biosensors are today potent...

Graphene, the starting material for all the carbon nanostructures has attracted strong scientific and technological interest in recent years. It has shown great promise in many applications, such as electronics, energy storage and conversion (super capacitors, batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and bioscience/biotechnologies. Graphene is a zero-gap semiconductor material, which is electroactiv...