BACKGROUND The birth weight reference curve to estimate the newborns at risk in need of assessment and monitoring has been established. The previous reference curves from Indonesia, approximately 8 years ago, were based on the data collected from teaching hospitals only with limited gestational ages. The aims of the study were to update the reference curves for birth weight, supine length and h...

BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) impacts birth outcomes, but many human studies cannot distinguish between the effects of different types of stressors or examine effects of exposure timing on outcomes. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine how timing and severity of exposure during pregnancy to objective and subjective stress due to a natural disaster ...

The association between birthweight ratio and outcome was investigated in 429 infants born before 31 weeks' gestation. Birthweight ratio was calculated in each case as birth weight divided by mean birth weight for gestation (from reference data). It was shown that a given ratio corresponded to the same birth centile across the gestational age range studied; a ratio of 0.8 corresponding to the 1...

Despite increased interest in promoting nutrition during pregnancy, the association between maternal dietary patterns and birth outcomes has been equivocal. We examined maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy as a determinant of offspring's birth weight-for-length (WLZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and head circumference (HCZ) Z-scores in Southern United States (n=1151). Mate...

In this ten-year retrospective study we were able to show that Maltese substance-misusing mothers (SMMs) have significantly different socio-biological characteristics from mothers in the general population which seem to impact on neonatal outcomes. Significant differences from the general population were noted in the SMM's age, age at first pregnancy, marital status, educational background, num...

A 7-month-old male infant was referred by his pediatrician for evaluation of “two small bumps on the feet” since a month before. The size of these lesions reportedly had not changed in the past month, and they did not seem to bother the patient. The patient was born full-term with no complication, was at the 25th percentile for birth weight, and was average for height and head circumference. Th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate association of blood lead levels with pregnancy outcome in the obstetrics and gynaecology unit. METHODS Blood lead levels were measured in 73 pregnant women at the time of delivery and assessed its association with pregnancy outcome. RESULTS Mean maternal lead level was 9.91+/-4.44 mg/dL (range 2.28-36.35 mg/dL). Mothers of boys had significantly higher (p=0.013, one-t...

The aim of this analysis was to construct cross-sectional gestational age specific percentile curves for birthweight, length, head and mid-arm circumference for Malawian babies, and to compare these percentiles with reference values for babies born to women with normal pregnancies, from a developed country. A cross-sectional study which enrolled pregnant women attending two study hospitals betw...

Infantile macrocephaly has a myriad of causes including megalencephaly, intracranial mass, and CSF disturbance.1 An 8-week-old infant presented with increasing head circumference. Antenatal ultrasound was unremarkable, with biparietal diameter and head circumference on the 50th centile at 20 weeks’ gestation. At birth, head circumference was on the 90th centile; no other abnormalities were reco...

BACKGROUND Organophosphorous (OP) pesticides are associated with reduced fetal growth in animals, but human studies are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We pooled data from four cohorts to examine associations of prenatal OP exposure with birth weight (n = 1,169), length (n = 1,152), and head circumference (n = 1,143). METHODS Data were from the CHAMACOS, HOME, Columbia, and Mount Sinai birth cohor...