Many rating scales have been applied to the evaluation of dystonia, but only few have been assessed for clinimetric properties. The Movement Disorders Society commissioned this task force to critique existing dystonia rating scales and place them in the clinical and clinimetric context. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify rating scales that have either been validated or use...

Essential blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by the involuntary and obliged closure of the eyes secondary to the contraction of the orbicular muscle and/or a dysfunction of the upper eyelid elevator muscle. The etiology of blepharospasm, which is more frequent in women between the fifth and seventh decade of life, is as yet unknown. Its diagnosis requires an in-depth ophthalmologic...

Localiser les structures cérébrales atteintes dans le blépharospasme. Étude rétrospective, consécutive, des IRM craniocérébrales portant sur patients atteints de blépharospasme secondaire et ayant leurs antécédents immédiats un accident vasculaire cérébral ou traumatisme crânien. Six répartis en 4 d’AVC avec lésions ischémiques hémorragiques thalamus noyaux caudés 2 victimes TC contusives séque...

BACKGROUND XCiDaBLE is a large, prospective, observational "naturalistic" study evaluating Xeomin® for Cervical Dystonia or BLEpharospasm in the United States. We report the interim results from the blepharospasm cohort of XCiDaBLE. METHODS Subjects (≧18 years old) with blepharospasm were followed for two treatment cycles of incobotulinumtoxinA and monitored for 4 weeks after injection via in...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show the efficiency of preoperative botulinum toxin A (Botox A) in patients with benign essential blepharospasm who were to undergo ocular surgery with local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight benign essential blepharospasm patients who were administered unilateral Botox A prior to ocular surgery between January 2004 and May 2011 were included ...

Blinking is a normal human phenomenon involving trigeminal and facial pathways. To gain understanding on the neurobiology of blinking, five normal subjects were investigated before and after application of transdermal capsaicin at the forehead for two weeks. No effects of topical capsaicin were detected in eye blink rates. However, when capsaicin was applied to a female subject with blepharospa...

In our patient with Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome presenting with apraxia of eyelid opening, there is a possibility to be readily confused with conditions presenting in similar pattern such as blepharospasm and eyelid ptosis. Therefore, it is essential to correlate the clinical findings with electromyographic recordings and dopamine transporter scan (DaT).

Schicatano, Edward J., Michele A. Basso, and Craig Evinger. sensory-motor transformation in blink circuits following a Animal model explains the origins of the cranial dystonia benign subclinical basal ganglia dysfunction produces blepharoessential blepharospasm. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2842–2846, 1997. spasm that exhibits many of the characteristics of BEB. The current study demonstrates that com...