the matrix functions appear in several applications in engineering and sciences. the computation of these functions almost involved complicated theory. thus, improving the concept theoretically seems unavoidable to obtain some new relations and algorithms for evaluating these functions. the aim of this paper is proposing some new reciprocal for the function of block anti diagonal matrices. more...

Pulse oximetry is dependent upon the presence of a pulsating vascular bed. Low pulsatile blood flow in the digits is caused by various factors. Regardless of the cause, if there is sufficient arterial pulse pressure, blocking the sympathetic nerve should cause a local increase in capillary flow and pulse volume. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of digital nerve block on pulse oxi...

The effect of a non-symmetric waveform on nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency biphasic stimulation is investigated using a lumped circuit model of the unmyelinated axon based on Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The simulation results reveal that the block threshold monotonically increases with the stimulation frequency for the symmetric stimulation waveform. However, a nonmonotonic relati...

This paper deals with a novel approach to unknown inputs observer(UIO) design for linear time-invariant dynamical systems using a block pulse function's diierential operation. Generally, UIO has a derivation of system outputs which is not available from the measurement directly. And it is an obstacle to estimate the unknown inputs properly when unexpected measurement noises are presented. There...

Chebyshev Wavelets of the third kind are proposed in this study to solve nonlinear systems FDEs. The main goal method is convert FDE into a system algebraic equations that can be easily solved using matrix methods. In order achieve this, we first generate operational matrices for fractional integration and block-pulse functions (BPF) function approximation. Since obtained sparse, numerical fast...

The default pulse shaping filter in the conventional multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is a rectangular function, which unfortunately is highly sensitive to frequency synchronization errors and the Doppler spread. Shaped OFDM is able to considerably alleviate the effect of inter-carrier interference (ICI) as well as reduce t...

The block of the transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) by disopyramide was studied in isolated rat right ventricular myocytes using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. Disopyramide at a concentration of 10 to 1000 microM reduced peak I(to) and accelerated the apparent rate of current inactivation. The onset of block was assessed using a double pulse protocol with steps from -70 to +50 mV. As th...

polyphase is a common class of pulse compression waveforms in the radar systems. oppermann code is one of the used codes with polyphone pattern. after compression, this code has little tolerant against doppler shift in addition to its high side lobe level. this indicates that the use of oppermann code is an unsuitable scheme to radars applications. this paper shows that the use of amplitude wei...