background: exposure to blood-borne pathogens from needle-stick and sharp injuries continues to pose a significant risk to health care workers. these events are of concern because of the risk to transmit blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and the human immunodeficiency virus. objective: to benchmark different risk factors associated with needle-stick incidents am...

The natural maintenance cycles of many mosquito-borne viruses require establishment of persistent non-lethal infections in the invertebrate host. While the mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood, antiviral responses directed by small RNAs are important in modulating the pathogenesis of viral infections in disease vector mosquitoes. In yet another example of an evolutionary arms...

This paper discusses extracorporeal removal of viral particles and their antigens from the blood as an auxiliary therapy. This hypothesis has not been reported before. In some chronic blood-borne viral infections, the virus remains systemic and persistent for extended periods of time, with adverse effects that weaken the immune system. Blood titers of virus and its toxins are proportional to th...

conclusions history of drug addiction and/or blood transfusion and longer duration of hd treatment were the main risk factors determining the prevalence of hcv infection in the hormozgan province of southern iran in 2015. however, the values observed in the present investigation reflect the effective management techniques imposed by healthcare authorities and relevant organizations in recent ye...

(1) Background: To determine paramedics' frequency of contact with blood and other body fluids, as well as the analysis of knowledge of paramedics about blood-borne infections, their attitudes to patients infected with blood-borne viruses, and the post-exposure procedures implemented by paramedics; (2) Methods: An anonymous questionnaire among 190 paramedics working in various health care facil...

conclusions upon our results, tattooed people even with a small size of tattoo on the body are more at risk for hcv, hbv, and hiv infection. results among the 63 patients with tattoos (21% female, 79% male, age range:16 to 79-years-old), four patients (6.3%) tested positive for hbsag and pcr-hbv, seven patients (11%) tested positive for hcv, and five (7.9%) tested positive for hiv. the last gro...