Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus classified as mild, moderate, and severe based on the severity metabolic acidosis level consciousness. As one hyperglycemic crisis, DKA causes kidney dysfunction which then trigger injury (AKI). High mortality rates, recurrent (repeated episodes), increased health care costs, risk further complications can occur due to AK...

AIMS Recent observations in chronic stable heart failure suggest that high-dose loop diuretics (HDLDs) have detrimental prognostic effects in patients with high blood urea nitrogen (BUN), but recent findings have also indicated that diuretics may improve renal function. Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) has been shown to be a surrogate of systemic congestion. We sought to explore whether BUN and...

As the building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides are conditionally essential nutrients that exhibit multifaceted activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of dietary nucleotides (NTs) on mice and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Mice were randomly divided into four experimental sets to detect different indicators. Each set of mice was then divided in...

Increased intracranial pressure is a further effect of brain injury due to structural damage and osmotic water imbalances (Edema). Mannitol works in the proximal tubules mannitol absorption tubular cells by mechanism pinocytosis. The fluid transfer will draw into intracellular, so that cell be switched broke. This phenomenon referred as "Nephrosis Osmotic", which administration may occur result...

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy shows great promise for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. Research has been carried out on this topic in recent years. The main goals of paper are to evaluate the therapeutic effects MSCs DKD through a meta-analysis and address mechanism systematic review literature. Method An electronic search Embase, Cochrane Library, ISI Web Scien...

We followed the "abbreviated precision protocol" of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for the evaluation of precision, accuracy, and carryover in analysis for urea nitrogen with the multilayer film analysis system ("Ektachem"). We analyzed 456 clinical samples with this instrument, by the manual urease/glucose dehydrogenase method, and with the Beckman System I GLU/BUN An...

BACKGROUND Nephrotoxicity is one of the most important limitations of cisplatin-based chemotherapies which associated with many complications and high mortality rate. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of lycopene on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 120 patients were randomly assigned to two gro...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of metabolizable protein (MP) on lactation performance and nitrogen (N) efficiencies in lactating dairy cows. METHODS Nine multiparous cows in mid lactation [113±25 days in milk] received three treatments in a 3×3 Latin square design with a period length of 21 days. The treatments were three diets, designed...

The observation was made some 6 years ago that chickens were not poisoned by the parenteral injection of large quantities of crystalline urease, unless urea was also injected (1). However, rabbits were killed after urease was injected when the blood ammonia nitrogen reached a value of 5 mg. per 100 cc. (2). These observations offer sufficient evidence to make many of the values reported for ure...

Abstract Introduction Renal dysfunction is one of the most important comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and frequently accentuated setting acute HF (AHF). Serum creatinine blood urea nitrogen (BUN) have been classically used as markers renal dysfunction, despite having several limitations. High (BUN)/creatinine ratio has associated higher mortality HF. We aimed to predict...