Individual particle orbits in a beam will respond to both external focusing and accelerating forces as well as internal space-charge forces. The external forces will reflect unavoidable systematic and random machine errors, or imperfections, such as jitter in magnet and radio-frequency power supplies, as well as translational and rotational magnet alignment errors. The beam responds in a self-c...

For elastic reverse-time migration, one constructs elastic source and receiver wavefields using a source function and multi-component data, and then applies an imaging condition to the reconstructed wavefields. A widely used imaging condition is crosscorrelation of individual wave modes separated in both wavefields, e.g., compressional (P) waves and shear (S) waves. One difficulty in elastic mi...

The "extinction theorem" is used to prove that the fields of reflector antennas determined by integration of the current on the illuminated surface of the reflector are identical to the fields determined by aperture field integration with the Kottler-Franz formulas over any surface Sa that caps the reflector. As a corollary to this equivalence theorem, the fields predicted by integration of the...

We study comprehensively using numerical simulations a new class of resonators, based on a circular photonic crystal reflector. The dependence of the resonator characteristics on the reflector design and parameters is studied in detail. The numerical results are compared to analytic results based on coupled mode theory. High quality factors and small modal volumes are found for a wide variety o...

We present a novel air-bridge subwavelength grating reflector with very high reflectivity to be used as a top mirror in a VCSEL structure. We explain the design method, model the structure using both RCWA and FDTD, and predict the characteristics of a Fabry-Perot structure built with this reflector. We describe the fabrication of the suspended grating.

This paper presents the shaped reflector antenna by using backscattering technique to achieve the completely broad-beam radiation pattern. The radiation synthesis method for shaped reflector that has to illuminate a predefined circular area are presented by using a variety of discretization of elementary geometrical functions such as, triangular, quadratic, circular, guassian, cosine, squared c...

Evacuated tube solar water heater systems are widely used in China due to their high thermal efficiency, simple construction requirements, and low manufacturing costs. CPC evacuated tube solar water heaters with a geometrical concentration ratio C of less than one are rare. A comparison of the experimental rig of evacuated tube solar water heater systems with and without a mini-CPC reflector wa...

BACKGROUND Plain pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) booster administered during second year of life has been shown to cause hyporesponsiveness. We assessed the effects of PPS booster on splenic memory B cell responses and persistence of PPS-specific long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). METHODS Neonatal mice were primed subcutanously (s.c.) or intranasally (i.n.) with pneumococcal c...

BACKGROUND Experience of hepatitis B vaccination in a contemporary renal replacement programme is reported. METHODS A total of 406 patients were involved: 214 on haemodialysis, 97 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 67 predialysis (serum creatinine >400 micromol/l), and 28 with a failing transplant. Primary vaccination comprised recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B) 40 microg ...