Bolivia and Chile. These diverse countries hold not only striking beauty throughout these regions, but also vast natural resources. In the Atacama Desert region, the discovery of such important natural resources have left residual problems lingering in the economic and political relations between these South American nations, and still cause tensions today. This paper explores historic disputes...

While the role of exports in promoting growth in general, and productivity in particular, has been investigated empirically using aggregate data for countries and industries for a long time, only recently have comprehensive longitudinal data at the firm level been used to look at the extent and causes of productivity differentials between exporters and their counterparts which sell on the domes...

This chapter investigates whether the best firms become exporters or whether a firm becomes better as a result of being an exporter. The evidence reviewed suggests that productivity growth in exporting firms generally occurs before rather than after the firm starts to export. It concludes that policy intervention to encourage exports is often useful, in particular where firms don’t recognise th...

Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) research includes examination and development of second learners' cognitive metacognitive self-regulated skills, but the affective component self-regulation in this context remains largely unexplored. Support for learning, which is defined by beliefs, attitudes, emotions, has been shown to influence processes, performance, engagement considerably, theref...

Dairy is highly regulated in many countries for several reasons. Perishability, seasonal imbalances, and inelastic supply and demand for milk can cause inherent market instability. Milk buyers typically have had more market power than dairy farmers. Comparative production advantages in some countries have led to regulations and policies to protect local dairy farmers by maintaining domestic pri...

Technology-assisted facilities have taken English Language Teaching (ELT) to a different level where Computer Assisted Learning (CALL) has become an indispensable feature of leaning language. Recently, in the current day context ELT, both learners and teachers are experiencing positive shift from CALL another more efficient platform called Mobile (MALL). This paper explores fundamentals MALL it...

[1] Riverine exports of carbon (C) and organic matter (OM) are regulated by a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors. Understanding the relationships between these various factors and C and OM exports can help to constrain global C budgets and allow assessment of current and future anthropogenic impacts on both riverine and global C cycles. We quantified the effects of multiple natural an...

This research aimed to improve the students’ listening in autonomous learning using Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL), this was conducted SMAN 18 Bulukumba. The data had been counted by researcher, then researcher consider about implementation of MALL.In research, gave students and work. were got test for students, Classroom Action Research method collection technique, also through docum...

This paper proposed a novel locating technology based shopping management system (LSMS) based on wireless localization technology, and described its design and implementation detail. By incorporating handheld devices, shopping mall resource management system and wireless location technology into a whole system, LSMS can make customers in a shopping mall get product information conveniently, kno...

Dawn C. Parker⁎, Darla K. Munroe Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, MSN 5F2, 4400, University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA Department of Geography The Ohio State University, 1123 Derby Hall, 154 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, 1123 Derby Hall, 154 No...