The hawksbill turtle is an ectotherm, whose sex is determined by temperature during embryonic development. This study aimed to determine whether embryonic hawksbill turtle cells respond differently to temperature than mammalian cells. Embryonic hawksbill turtle cells were established in culture, and thermal effects on these cells were investigated in vitro. Cells were maintained in Dulbecco's M...

In addition to nourishing the embryo, extra-embryonic tissues (EETs) contribute to early embryonic patterning, primitive hematopoiesis, and fetal health. These tissues are of major importance for human medicine, as well as for efforts to improve livestock efficiency, but they remain incompletely understood. In bovines, EETs are accessible easily, in large amounts, and prior to implantation. We ...

Background: Somatic cell nuclear transfer, commonly known as cloning is a powerful tool for the production of identical animals for productive, biomedical or conservation purposes. Today several species of mammals has been cloned using this technology. Nevertheless, the efficiency of the process is still low in terms of newborn animals. The causes for such inefficiencies are mainly the lack of ...

background: little is understood about the regulation of gene expression during early goat embryo development. this study investigated the expression profile of 19 genes, known to be critical for early embryo development in mouse and human, at five different stages of goat in vitro embryo development (oocyte, 8-16 cell, morula, day-7 blastocyst, and day 14 blastocyst). materials and methods: st...

Cattle have emerged as one of the most important domestic animals widely used for meat, milk, and fur. Derivation bovine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be applied in drug selecting human disease modeling facilitated agriculture-related applications such production genetically excellent cattle by gene editing. Extended PSCs (EPSCs), capable differentiating into embryonic extraembryonic parts,...

Intracytoplasmic spermatozoid injection (ICSI) is one of the commonest methods used in assisted reproductive technologies human medicine. However, this procedure has low efficacy for bovines, mainly because insufficient activation oocytes after microinjection. One most effective activating considered to be use phosphorus calcium, though optimal concentration activator and its effect on pre-impl...