In United States design practice, three system performance factors (R, Cd, and o) characterize the inelastic behavior of structures and are a crucial component of common elastic design methodologies. However, for steel-concrete composite frame systems these factors have been selected based on comparisons to more traditional and well-studied reinforced concrete and structural steel frame system...

Abstract Apart from the general state of the tendon the quantity of the stress in the prestressed steel is of prime importance for the safety assessment of prestressed structures and/or anchor systems. On account of precaution reasons it was necessary to create a reliable, sturdy and competitive measuring device for the direct stress monitoring in prestressing steel elements being used in sensi...

Due to the fact that the buckling-restrained brace core yields subject to both tension and compression, it can adsorb energy and exhibit high ductility rendering it proper for tolerating earthquake loads. One of the important objectives of seismic standards is safeguarding the appropriate ductility for the structures because the structures, in case of being ductile, can dissipate a considerable...

The objective of this paper is to provide the stiffness and strength characteristics for coldformed steel stud walls stabilized by sheathing. The primary stability resistance is provided by translational (lateral) stiffness supplied at the fastener locations to the cold-formed steel studs. This paper separates the source of this translational stiffness into two parts: local and diaphragm. To an...

One of the main tasks of engineers is to design structural systems light and economic as possible, yet resistant enough to withstand all possible loads arising during their service life and to absorb the induced seismic energy in a controlled and predictable fashion. The traditional trial-and-error design approach is not capable to determine an economical design satisfying also the code require...