Brain hypoxia induces an increase in brain vascularity, presumably mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but it is unclear whether VEGF is required to maintain the increase. In these studies, brain VEGF mRNA and protein levels were measured in adult mice kept in hypobaric chambers at 0.5 atm for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 21 days. Hypoxia was accompanied by a transient increase of...

Annotation. Edema and swelling of the brain are two stages development complex interrelated processes in substance. This pathological process occurs due to various etiological factors: injury, stroke, tumors abscesses, meningitis encephalitis, hypoxia, general toxicosis, infectious processes, body burns, occlusive hydrocephalus, malignant hypertension, osmotic imbalance. That is why purpose thi...

IL-20, an IL-10 family member, is involved in various inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. We investigated whether hypoxia in vitro and an in vivo model of ischemic stroke would up-regulate IL-20 expression. In vitro, IL-20 expression increased in hypoxic HaCaT, HEK293 cells, chondrocytes, monocytes, and glioblastoma cells. Inhibition of hypoxia-i...

Cells obtain their energy from oxygen. Most cells have a limited ability to respire anaerobically but brain cells do not; not only do brain cells stop working if no oxygen is present but they are also killed if they are deprived of oxygen for a few minutes. The body has many responses to hypoxia that tend to reduce its severity. In an earlier lecture we noticed that there were 4 different ways ...

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of brain injury in the newborn and can result in long-term devastating consequences. Perinatal hypoxia is a vital cause of long-term neurologic complications varying from mild behavioural deficits to severe seizure, mental retardation, and/or cerebral palsy in the newborn. In the mammalian developing brain, ongoing research i...

INTRODUCTION In vitro experiments have demonstrated that preconditioning primary neuronal cultures by temporary application of NMDA receptor antagonists induces long-term tolerance against lethal insults. In the present study we tested whether similar effects also occur in brain submitted to ischemia in vivo and whether the potential benefit outweighs the danger of enhancing the constitutive ap...

Survival in low-oxygen environments requires adaptation of sympathorespiratory control networks located in the brain stem. The molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation are unclear. In naïve animals, acute hypoxia evokes increases in phrenic (respiratory) and splanchnic (sympathetic) nerve activities that persist after repeated challenges (long-term facilitation, LTF). In contrast, our studies...

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is commonly used for treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors; however, cognitive impairment occurs in 40-50% of brain tumor survivors. The etiology of the cognitive impairment following WBRT remains elusive. We recently reported that radiation-induced cerebrovascular rarefaction within hippocampal subregions could be completely reversed by systemic ...