this study builds on laufer and hulstijn’s (2001) motivational-cognitive construct of task-induced involvement in learning vocabulary and addresses itself to its strong claim that the depth of processing is the overriding factor in learning words. the paper first re-examines the effect of processing load and then of task type on the initial learning and retention of words. to do so, 60 efl lear...

A case of tick borne encephalitis (TBE) is reported, with simultaneous brain stem, spinal cord, and bilateral thalamic involvement confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After exposure to a TBE endemic region, the patient developed a biphasic clinical course with initial flu-like symptoms followed by a severe brain stem syndrome. The diagnosis of TBE was confirmed serologically. Repeate...

How synapses change their strength in response to impinging neural activity is a fundamental issue for understanding how the brain molds its circuitry in response to behavioral experience. Although a growing number of studies reveal the involvement of postsynaptic changes contributing to synaptic plasticity in brain circuits, the involvement of presynaptic factors has been implied by several st...

Intracranial metastases from carcinoma are common , occurring in up to 24% of cancer patients at autopsy [1]. Typically, intracranial metastatic disease is characterized by multiple intracerebral mass lesions near the gray-white junction with surrounding edema. Diffuse involvement of the brain without dominant mass lesions may occur with leptomeningeal spread of primary brain tumors, Iymphoprol...

introduction rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is a progressive angioinvasive fungal disorder which almost always complicates immunocompromised patients. case presentation we described a case of fulminant rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a 65-year-old woman, who presented with progressive neurological deficits due to involvement of orbital apex and the central nervous system by local inva...

bulbospinal noradrenergic pathways are shown to have an important role in descending inhibition of pain sensation. locus ceruleus (lc), as a rich noradrenergic nucleus in the brain stem which has projections into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, was evaluated for antinociceptive activity by using tonic and phasic pain models in the rat. lc-lesioned rats demonstrated moderate increase in both...

PURPOSE To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of progressive facial hemiatrophy, a sporadic disease of unclear etiology characterized by shrinking and deformation of one side of the face. METHODS We investigated possible brain involvement. MR of the head and face was performed in three female patients with progressive facial hemiatrophy. The central-nervous-system findings were correl...

Neurological involvement in COVID-19 infection is increasing all over the world. manifestations include headache, dizziness, stroke, seizure, encephalopathy, neuropathy, and skeletal muscle injury. While many patients with CNS have normal neuroimaging, others reveal significant abnormalities. In this article, we report four neurological of Covid-19 its relevant abnormalities brain magnetic reso...