Abstract Introduction: Adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) aims at improving DBS therapy by adjusting amplitude in response to biomarkers tracked real-time. In Parkinson’s Disease (PD), one type of aDBS exploits fast fluctuations beta power (beta bursts) local field potentials. With this method, is applied as soon bursts a given magnitude and duration are detected. However, it unknown how per...

In the elucidation of brain functions, neuroscience has garnered attention in realization brain-machine interfaces, deep stimulation, and artificial intelligence. Optogenetics is a biological technique used to control neural activities via optical stimulation. It one most effective approaches investigate functions. This study proposed employ transparent recording electrode enhance performance p...