[1] A correspondence of the lunar regolith-layer thickness to the lunar digital elevation mapping is proposed to tentatively construct the global distribution of lunar regolith-layer thickness. Using Clementine ultraviolet visible multispectral data, the global spatial distribution of FeO + TiO2 content on the lunar regolith layer is calculated. Thus the dielectric permittivity of the global lu...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) Goddard Profiling (GPROF) rainfall retrieval algorithm is an inversion type algorithm, which uses numerical cloud models and radiative transfer schemes to simulate the brightness temperatures that the TMI would see, thereby allowing one to relate hydrometeor profiles to brightness temperature. The variability in modeled hydro...

Oceanic internal waves were observed by microwave radiometers from a blimp during the COPE’99 experiment. Brightness temperature variations caused by sea surface roughness modulation and enhanced wave breaking were compared with model calculations. It is shown that direct wave amplitude modulation by currents cannot explain the observed brightness temperature variations, but inclusion of wave b...

High quality data are presented of neutral hydrogen emission and absorption in the fields of eleven of the nearest spiral galaxies. Multi-configuration VLA observations have provided angular resolution of 6 arcsec (corresponding to about 100 pc at the average galaxy distance of 3.5 Mpc) and velocity resolution of 6 km s, while accurately recovering the total line flux detected previously with f...

Context. The planets Uranus and Neptune with small apparent diameters are primary calibration standards. Aims. We investigate their variability at ∼ 90GHz using archived data taken at the IRAM 30m telescope during the 20 years period 1985 to 2005. Methods. We calibrate the planetary observations against non-variable secondary standards (NGC7027, NGC7538, W3OH, K3-50A) observed almost simultaneo...

The use of the microwave radiometer in the alerting of low-level windshear at the Hong Kong International Airport has been discussed in Chan and Lee (2011). This paper extends the previous work by considering all the 14 channels of the microwave radiometer in use in Hong Kong and trying out other proxies of the fluctuations of the brightness temperature of the radiometer apart from variance, na...

Two new parameters (W6H and W6V) were defined that represent brightness temperature increments for different low-frequency channels due to ocean wind. We developed a new wind speed retrieval model inside hurricanes based on W6H and W6V using brightness temperature data from AMSR-E. The AMSR-E observations of 12 category 3–5 hurricanes from 2003 to 2011 and corresponding data from the H*wind ana...

We discuss the performances of a set of four microwave water vapor radiometers operating in the 20–30-GHz band during a field experiment, with an emphasis on calibration and achievable accuracy. The field experiment was conducted at the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program’s field site in north central Oklahoma, and was focused on clear-sky water vapor measurements b...

Hyper-spectral Atmospheric Infrared Sounder has many channels. Although, it has been carried out channel selection in the actual application process, but compared with the previous detector, the channel also seems more and thus easy to weak correlation between channels, which is not obey classical variational assimilation theory requires observation error is not related. Hyper-spectral sounder ...