A search for energy efficient, non-herbicide weed control methods led to development of a novel electrical weeding technology. This study focuses on efficiency and as elements system that would include machine vision robotics escape weeds in field crops. Two pulse generation systems, one single multiple, were developed evaluated at different delivered voltages energies. Greenhouse trials using ...

Background To facilitate climatic change adaptation, landscape and conservation managers require understanding of spatio-temporal patterns expansion potential dominant species. Studying past expansions canopy-dominant trees can contribute such understanding.Aims Test hypotheses about dominants using as a model the mid-Holocene forests dominated by Pinus sylvestris in Scottish Highlands.Methods ...

Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due the altered temperature precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, patterns of will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation...

Most information on the ecology of oak-dominated forests in Europe comes from altered for centuries because remnants old-growth are rare. Disturbance and recruitment regimes provide forest dynamics their effects long-term carbon storage. In an Quercus petraea northwestern Spain, we inventoried three plots extracted cores 166 live dead trees across canopy classes (DBH ? 5 cm). We reconstructed d...

It will help understand the representation legality of soil temperature to explore the correlations of soil respiration with variant properties of soil temperature. Soil temperature at 10 cm depth was hourly logged through twelve months. Basing on the measured soil temperature, soil respiration at different temporal scales were calculated using empirical functions for temperate forests. On mont...

In Western Europe, recreational amenity is presented as an important cultural ecosystem service that, along with other values, helps justify policies to conserve biodiversity. However, whether recreational use by the public is enhanced at protected areas designated for nature conservation is unknown. This is the first study to model outdoor recreation at a national scale, examining habitat pref...

The Quaternary climate cycles played an important role in shaping the distribution of biodiversity among current populations, even in warm-temperate zones, where land was not covered by ice sheets. We focused on the Castanopsis-type broadleaved evergreen forest community in Japan, which characterizes the biodiversity and endemism of the warm-temperate zone. A comparison of the phylogeographic p...

Dead standing trees (DSTs) generally decompose slower than wood in contact with the forest floor. In many regions, DSTs are being created at an increasing rate due to accelerating tree mortality caused by climate change. Therefore, factors determining DST fall crucial for predicting dead turnover time but remain poorly constrained. Here, we conduct a re-analysis of published data provide standa...

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can quickly, efficiently, and accurately provide precise coordinates of points, lines, surface elements, plus complete surveys determine various boundary lines in forest investigations management. The system has become a powerful tool for dynamic resource monitoring. GNSS technology plays unique important role estimating timber volume, calculating cutt...