The fundamental idea of IPM is to put nature’s own regulatory mechanisms to maximum use in order to prevent damage, which is in the best interest of manufacturers, society at large and the environment. However, Haines (2000) assessed stored products IPM still insufficiently developed at the end of the 20th century. Support to IPM development in stored agricultural products is the use of natural...

Extensive forest conversion of the low-valued natural hardwood forest into coniferous plantations is the possible cause of the critical problem of squirrel debarking. The tree squirrel that causes the major damage is the red-bellied tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus). Conifers are more susceptible to the damage than are hardwood species, especially the exotics. Intermediate-aged plantation...

The Subantarctic island of South Georgia lost most of its birds to predation by rodents introduced by people over  centuries. In  a UK charity began to clear brown rats Rattus norvegicus and house miceMus musculus from the  km long, , km island using helicopters to spread bait containing Brodifacoum as the active ingredient. South Georgia’s larger glaciers were barriers to rodent mo...

Aversive agents are proposed as potential additives to rodenticides to increase selectivity to the target species. Examples of various aversive agent categories are given, including odorants, tastants, and emetics, with examples of evaluations. Tastant additives have been found that do not interfere with rodenticidal efficacy. Denatonium benzoate (commercially available as Bitrex) is an intense...

Although rodenticides historically have been among the most toxic substances available to the public and have been implicated as agents in both unintentional and suicidal exposures, the anticoagulant agents currently in use, such as coumadin and their long-acting derivatives (e.g., brodifacoum), are relatively safe. In 1995, most persons who reported exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides did n...

Warfarin resistance was first discovered among Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations in Scotland in 1958 and further reports of resistance, both in this species and in others, soon followed from other parts of Europe and the United States. Researchers quickly defined the practical impact of these resistance phenomena and developed robust methods by which to monitor their spread. These task...

Anti-vitamin K drugs are widely used as anticoagulant in human thromboembolic diseases. Similar compounds have also been used as rodenticides to control rodent population since 1950s. Massive use of Wrst generation anticoagulants, especially warfarin, has lead to the development of genetic resistances in rodents. Similar resistances have been reported in human. In both cases, polymorphisms in V...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Recently, many cases of vitamin K-dependent coagulopathy of unknown origin have been reported. Such patients lack any relevant family history and have no systemic disease, raising suspicion of superwarfarin intoxication. We evaluated individual risk factors causing coagulopathy and hemorrhagic symptoms in patients with suspected superwarfarin intoxication. In addition, we determ...