BACKGROUND Acute airway infections, including bronchiolitis, are common causes of early childhood hospitalization. The development of later asthma may be related to early airway infections in young children. This study is to investigate the relationship between hospitalized airway infections (HAI) in young children (< 3 years old) and later childhood asthma. METHODS Hospitalized children (< 3...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It remains unclear whether hyponatremia independently predicts a higher severity of bronchiolitis in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hyponatremia and bronchiolitis severity in children hospitalized in the ICU for bronchiolitis. METHODS We conducted a 16-center, prospective cohort study of hospitalized children aged <2 ...

Severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during infancy is strongly associated with the development of asthma. To identify genetic variation that contributes to asthma following severe RSV bronchiolitis during infancy, we sequenced the coding exons of 131 asthma candidate genes in 182 European and African American children with severe RSV bronchiolitis in infancy using anonymous ...

Knapp VJ. Major medical explanations for high infant mor­ tality in nineteenth­century Europe. Can Bull Med Hist 1998;15: 317­36. Leader S, Kohlhase K. Recent trends in severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among US infants, 1997­2000. J Pediatr 2003;143:Suppl:S127­S132. Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, Liu LL, Stout JW, Ander­ son LJ. Bronchiolitis­associated hospitalizations among US chil­ d...

Viral bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children under the age of 2. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the infecting agent in more than 50% of the cases. Usually the clinical course is uneventful and complications are uncommon. Secondary air leaks are a recognized rare complication of bronchiolitis, although the real incidence remains unknown. ...

Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for admission to hospital in the first year of life. There is tremendous variation in the clinical management of this condition across Canada and around the world, including significant use of unnecessary tests and ineffective therapies. This statement pertains to generally healthy children ≤2 years of age with bronchiolitis. The diagnosis of bronchioliti...

RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 17th Edn. Philadelphia, Saunders, 2003; pp. 994–999. 8 American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis, Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 1774–1793. 9 Klassen TP, Rowe PC, Sutcliffe T, Ropp LJ, McDowell IW, Li MM. Randomized trial of salbutamol in acute bonchio...

Acute viral bronchiolitis is one of the leading causes of worldwide admission of children under 2 years of age during winter months. There is a lack of consensus regarding the clinical definition of acute viral bronchiolitis in children and hence the management varies across the globe. The purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical p...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important virus associated with bronchiolitis in infants and young children. The regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted protein (RANTES, also known as CCL5) appears to be a key player in the etiology of RSV-infected airway inflammation. In this study, we genotyped three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the RANTES gene: -40...