The appropriate feeding regime for larvae and post-larvae of crustacean decapods is essential for successful larval culture. Reports on the development and morphology of the mouthparts and foregut of these crustaceans have aided in the selection of appropriate larval foodstuffs and consequently increased larval survival and growth rate during development. In the present study, the functional mo...

Congenital duplications may arise anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Midgut duplications are the most common; foregut duplications (oesophagus, stomach, and the first and second part of the duodenum) account for approximately one third of all duplications. ' Foregut duplication cysts arise either as posterior mediastinal oesophageal duplications, or as foregut duplications from within the ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the visualisation of bronchopulmonary collaterals and bronchopulmonary collateral blood flow in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 2nd primary pulmonary hypertension. SETTING Referral centre for cardiology at an academic hospital. PATIENTS Nine patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and 17 with primary pulmonary hypertension...

The liver and pancreas are specified from the foregut endoderm through an interaction with the adjacent mesoderm. However, the earlier molecular mechanisms that establish the foregut precursors are largely unknown. In this study, we have identified a molecular pathway linking gastrula-stage endoderm patterning to organ specification. We show that in gastrula and early-somite stage Xenopus embry...

Although foregut fermentation is often equated with rumination in the literature, functional ruminants (ruminants, camelids) differ fundamentally from non-ruminant foregut fermenters (e.g. macropods, hippos, peccaries). They combine foregut fermentation with a sorting mechanism that allows them to remasticate large particles and clear their foregut quickly of digested particles; thus, they do n...

BACKGROUND Chromosomal instability is observed in a wide spectrum of human cancer syndromes. However, to date, little is known of the characteristic genetic changes in sporadic neuroendocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic system. AIMS AND METHOD We have studied copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 26 sporadic neuroendocrine tumours of the enteropancreatic system (12 foregut and 14 midgut...

Symbiotic gut microbes have facilitated the success of herbivorous mammals, which are generally grouped into foregut- and hindgut-fermenters. However, rodents are primarily herbivorous and exhibit a variety of gastrointestinal anatomies. Most rodents house microbes in hindgut chambers, such as the caecum and colon. Some rodents also exhibit stomach segmentation with a foregut chamber proximal t...

Although it is well established that neural cells are ectodermal derivatives in bilaterian animals, here we report the surprising discovery that some of the pharyngeal neurons of sea urchin embryos develop de novo from the endoderm. The appearance of these neurons is independent of mouth formation, in which the stomodeal ectoderm joins the foregut. The neurons do not derive from migration of ec...

In vertebrates (deuterostomes), brain patterning depends on signals from adjacent tissues. For example, holoprosencephaly, the most common brain anomaly in humans, results from defects in signaling between the embryonic prechordal plate (consisting of the dorsal foregut endoderm and mesoderm) and the brain. I have examined whether a similar mechanism of brain development occurs in the protostom...