pmpd is a collection of object for pd. These objects provide real-time simulations, specially physical behaviors. pmpd can be used to create natural dynamic systems, like a bouncing ball, string movement, Brownian movement, chaos, fluid dynamics, sand, gravitation, and more. It can also be used to create displacements thus allowing a completely dynamic approach of pd computing. With pmpd physic...

1 By viewing animal movement paths as realizations of a continuous stochastic process, we introduce a rigorous likelihood method for estimating the statistical parameters of movement processes. This method makes no assumption of a hiddenMarkov property, places no special emphasis on the sampling rate, is insensitive to irregular sampling and data gaps, can produce reasonable estimates with limi...

A classical model of Brownian motion consists of a heavy molecule submerged into a gas of light atoms in a closed container. In this work we study a 2D version of this model, where the molecule is a heavy disk of mass M ≫ 1 and the gas is represented by just one point particle of mass m = 1, which interacts with the disk and the walls of the container via elastic collisions. Chaotic behavior of...

Positron emission tomography with 18-fluoro-2deoxy-glucose (FDG-PET) is widely accepted as an imaging modality of choice in tumor staging. Diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been used to detect the restricted diffusion of water molecules. The principals of DWI exploit the random motion, or so-called Brownian movement, of water molecules in biologic tissue (Le Bihan et al., 1...

Non-typical transport phenomena may arise when randomly driven particles remain in an active relationship with the environment instead of being passive. If we attribute to Brownian particles an ability to induce alterations of the environment on suitable space-time scales, those in turn must influence their further movement. In that case a general feedback mechanism needs to be respected. By re...

The mathematical formulation of the model for molecular movement of single motor proteins driven by cyclic biochemical reactions in an aqueous environment leads to a drifted Brownian motion characterized by coupled diffusion equations. In this article, we introduce the basic notion for the continuous model and review some asymptotic solutions for the problem. (For the lattice model see [17, 47]...

Scaling limits of continuous-time random walks are used in physics to model anomalous diffusion in which particles spread at a different rate than the classical Brownian motion. In this paper, we characterize the scaling limit of the average of multiple particles, independently moving as a continuous-time random walk. The limit is taken by increasing the number of particles and scaling from mic...

Diffusion is the thermally induced motion of water molecules in biological tissues, called Brownian motion. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) by means of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculation can be used for in vivo quantification of the combined effects of capillary perfusion and diffusion. With the advent of echoplanar imaging (EPI), DWI of the abdomen has become possible with fast imag...