In the present study, the effects of substituting sucrose with maltitol and xylitol as bulking agents in compound milk chocolate were examined in relation to their physico-chemical, rheological and sensory characteristics. Standard reference chocolate was made using sucrose. The Casson mathematical model was the best fitting model for predicting rheological properties. Compared with chocolate s...

Thermal properties of compost bulking materials affect temperature and biodegradation during the composting process. Well determined thermal properties of compost feedstocks will therefore contribute to practical thermodynamic approaches. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and volumetric heat capacity of 12 compost bulking materials were determined in this study. Thermal properties were...

Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Pemerahan Sapi dengan sistem lumpur aktif seringkali mengalami masalah, salah satunya adalah masalah sludge bulking. Permasalahan bulking menyebabkan pengendapan sangat buruk dan melimpah menuju outlet bak sedimentasi unit selanjutnya. Hal ini mengakibatkan kualitas pengolahan tidak berjalan optimal hasil masih sering keruh berbau. Salah satu solusi untu...

In Gul Kim, Se Heang Oh, Ji Young Lee, Ji Youl Lee, Jin Ho Lee Dept. of Advanced Materials, Hannam Univ., Daejeon, South Korea, Dept. of Urology, Catholic Univ., Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea Statement of Purpose: Urinary incontinence, which is defined as the involuntary loss of urine, causes serious medical and social problems, having a deep influence on a patient’s psychologic...

Control of sludge bulking in an SBR-plant treating slaughterhouse wastewater Linda Jonsson In December 2003 the new plant treating slaughterhouse wastewater from KLS was taken into operation. Läckeby Water Group was entrepreneur and responsible for the maintenance during the following two years. The treatment plant is of SBR-type and has biological nitrate removal and chemical precipitation of ...

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of calcium sodium borosilicate, calcium aluminum borosilicate, calcium titanium borosilicate, silver borosilicate, and zinc borosilicate as used in cosmetics. These borosilicate glasses function mostly as bulking agents. Available animal and human data were considered along with data from a previous safety assessment of mag...

This study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of injectable bulking agents. A total of 13 procedures were performed on 11 patients with faecal incontinence during 2002 to 2007. Patients with internal anal sphincter defect and low incontinence score (Cleveland score < 10) revealed improvement. Patients with higher incontinence score and external sphincter defect secondary to obst...

This is a safety assessment of silica and the related cosmetic ingredients: alumina magnesium metasilicate, aluminum calcium sodium silicate, aluminum iron silicates, hydrated silica, and sodium potassium aluminum silicate. These ingredients are synthetic amorphous silicas and silicates; crystalline silica is not a cosmetic ingredient and is not used in cosmetics. These ingredients are used as ...