PURPOSE Oxidative stress has been implicated in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death pathways after optic nerve transection (ONT) and during glaucomatous neuropathy. The authors investigated the expression and cell-protective roles of thioredoxins (cytosolic Trx1 and mitochondrial Trx2), important regulators of the cellular redox state, on RGCs after ONT and pharmacologic oxidative stress inductio...

Decreased cellular GSH content is a common finding in experimental and human diabetes, in which increased oxidative stress appears to occur. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a causative role in the development of impaired insulin action on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In this study we undertook to investigate the potential of GSH depletion to induce insulin resistance, by util...

The role of antioxidants in maintaining the functional integrity of adrenocortical cells during in vitro exposure to endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aminotriazole (ATA), an inhibitor of catalase (CAT), L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a glutathione precurs...

Article history: Received: 3 Nov 2011 Accepted: 22 July 2012 Available online: 18 Nov 2012 ZJRMS 2013; 15(5): 9-12 Background: 5TButhionine sulfoximine is an agent that reduces intracellular glutathione and anti-oxidant enzymes and by this means is involved in pathology of some disease. Since low glutathione level may affect embryonic development, the aim of the present study is to investigate ...

PURPOSE To study regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) heavy and light subunit gene expression in Müller cells under conditions of oxidative stress. METHODS Experiments were carried out with an SV40 transformed cell line (rMC-1) that exhibits the phenotype of rat retinal Müller cells. Endogenous glutathione levels were modified by treating cells with diethyl maleate (DEM), D,L...

We investigated the effects of capillin, a constituent of Artemisia monosperma, on four human tumour cell lines: colon carcinoma H729, pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2, epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx HEp-2 and lung carcinoma A549. Cells were treated with capillin to examine both the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying these effects. Cha...

Angiotensin (ANG) II via AT1 receptors (AT1Rs) maintains sodium homeostasis by regulating renal sodium transporters including Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) in a biphasic manner. Low-ANG II concentration stimulates whereas high concentrations inhibit NHE3 activity. Oxidative stress has been shown to upregulate AT1R function that could modulate the ANG II-mediated NHE3 regulation. This study was ...

BACKGROUND Hydroxychavicol (HCH), a constituent of Piper betle leaf has been reported to exert anti-leukemic activity through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the study is to optimize the oxidative stress -induced chronic myeloid leukemic (CML) cell death by combining glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) with HCH and studying the underlying mechani...

We investigated whether platelet responsiveness to nitroglycerin (NTG) is maintained in long-term smokers and if not, the mechanism. In the absence or presence of NTG, intraplatelet reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and ADP-induced platelet aggregation and intraplatelet cGMP levels were measured in 10 long-term smokers and 10 age-matched nonsmokers. The intraplatelet GSH level was significantly ...

Maryon EB, Molloy SA, Kaplan JH. Cellular glutathione plays a key role in copper uptake mediated by human copper transporter 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 304: C768–C779, 2013. First published February 20, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00417.2012.—Copper is an essential micronutrient. Following entry via the human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1), copper is delivered to several copper chaperones, which ...