Seven cases are presented which are considered to throw some light on the pathology of butterfly densities and their pathogenesis. It is shown that reversible butterfly densities may represent pulmonary vascular congestion and readily reabsorbed oedema fluid resulting from fluid retention and increased blood volume (fluid lung). Terminal butterfly densities associated with hypertensive heart fa...

This paper studies the static and dynamic characteristics of the real social networks as well as their proposed generative models, among which the Butterfly Model [1] is useful while not flexible enough to generate the social networks with the expected power-law exponent. And a novel Flexible Butterfly Model (FBM) is proposed based on the Butterfly Model and combined with the Monte Carlo method...

Paul M. Brakefield and his research team in Leiden, the Netherlands, examined the development, plasticity, and evolution [6] of butterfly [7] eyespot patterns, and published their findings in Nature in 1996. Eyespots are eye-shaped color patterns that appear on the wings of some butterflies and birds [8] as well as on the skin of some fish [9] and reptiles. In butterflies, such as the peacock b...

Mobility is a key factor determining lepidopteran species responses to environmental change. However, direct multispecies comparisons of mobility are rare and empirical comparisons between butterflies and moths have not been previously conducted. Here, we compared mobility between butterflies and diurnal moths and studied species traits affecting butterfly mobility. We experimentally marked and...

When using valves and pipes, erosion wear is a major issue. Erosion can result in equipment shutdown, material replacement, other issues, as well the failure of sealing surfaces. The depth primarily determined by particle velocity, size, target material, use conditions. A combination discrete element method (DEM) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used this study. dynamic process collision ...

A significant number of patients of all age groups are seen in Otorhinolaryngology having symptoms of vertigo. Further due to automobile accidents and changing life style pattern there is constant increase in the patients presenting with dizziness and imbalance at early age. This retrospective study was undertaken to study the prevalence of vertigo in different age groups, male and female ratio...

Problem statement: The need for wireless communication has driven the communication systems to high performance. However, the main bottleneck that affects the communication capability is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which is the core of most modulators. Approach: This study presented on-chip implementation of pipeline digit-slicing multiplier-less butterfly for FFT structure. The approach ...

A "butterfly" vertebra is a rare congenital anomaly, presenting as a sagittal cleft in the vertebral body. In the literature it has been described as an isolated finding, but it can also be associated with various syndromes, such as Alagille, Jarcho-Levin, Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndrome. We present a case of a 35-year old man with chronic low back pain. The diagnosis of a butterfly vertebra of S...

The contribution of this paper is a framework for relating butterfly-shaped hysteresis maps to simple (single-loop) hysteresis maps, which are typically easier to model and more amenable to control design. In particular, a unimodal mapping is used to transform simple loops to butterfly loops. For the practically important class of piecewise monotone hysteresis maps, we provide conditions for pr...