this research study aimed at investigating whether using peer-provided feedbacks rather than teacher-provided comments would result in any significance difference in iranian english undergraduate students’ ability in writing. in so doing, based on a pretest (an opt & a writing exam), 40 subjects were assigned to two homogeneous groups of equal number the subjects in the control group received m...

Executives often employ experts who draw on rich information to recommend an appropriate action. For instance, a commander-in-chief is advised by several intelligence experts about how to respond to potential threats. When such interactions are discussed in policy circles, a common worry is that there is not enough sharing of information among experts, resulting in bad advice and inefficient ou...

Fourteen species in five genera of Streblidae and two species in two genera of Nycteribiidae, collected in Maracá Island, State of Roraima, Brazil are presented with comments on bat hosts and geographical distribution. A total of 42 specimens of Diptera and 17 bats were captured from 1987 to 1988, integrating the "Maracá Project". All species of ectoparasites represent new geographic records fo...

The aim of this paper is to study the implementation of online games to encourage public participation in urban planning. Its theoretical foundations are based on previous work in public participatory geographical information systems (PP GISs), play and games, with a special focus on serious games. Serious games aim to support learning processes in a new, more playful way. We developed the conc...

The Federal Judicial Center prepared prototype materials for a software product designed to teach statistics to judges with legal examples. The prototype presents Fisher’s exact, chi-squared, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses in a hypothetical example of age discrimination litigation. The prototype also discusses odds ratios, expected values, and p-values. Eleven disti...

This article comments on the article of Thorn and Schurz in this volume and focuses on, what we call, the problem of parasitic experts. We discuss that both meta-induction and crowd wisdom can be understood as pertaining to absolute reliability rather than comparative optimality, and we suggest that the involvement of reliability will provide a handle on this problem.

Engagement of the radiological protection community in the development of ICRP publications is essential to ensure the best possible system of protection for people and the environment. Normally this means involving a group of experts in the drafting, discussing progress and getting feedback in various forums, seeking comments through a process of open public consultation, and several steps of ...