Characterizing the spatial distribution of hedgerows over landscapes is important for understanding the effects of this distribution on the dynamics of plant and animal populations. Because hedgerows are planted or managed, the authors hypothesized that their distribution depends on the presence of other linear landscape elements, namely, roads and channels. Using proximity analyses, the author...

Friendship and peer acceptance contribute uniquely to positive social and emotional adjustment whereas low status within the peer group has been found to produce rejection, loneliness and harassment. We have studied how the exclusionary ties and friendship ties are distributed among first grade pupils in the classroom. The basic question was whether girls’ and boys’ networks are different from ...

Network modeling is a flexible mathematical structure that enables to identify statistical regularities and structural principles hidden in complex systems. The majority of recent driving forces in modeling complex networks are originated from activity, in which an activity potential of a time invariant function is introduced to identify agents' interactions and to construct an activity-driven ...

This paper investigates the e¤ect of …nancial shocks using an estimated general equilibrium model that links the …rm’s ‡ows of …nancing with labor market variables. The results show that …nancial shocks have sizeable e¤ects on …nancial variables, vacancy posting, unemployment and wages. Shocks to the job destruction rate are important in describing ‡uctuations in output and unemployment. The an...