A maximum principle is proved for the weak solutions uALNðR TÞ of the telegraph equation in space dimension three utt Dxu þ cut þ lu 1⁄4 f ðt; xÞ; when c40; lAð0; c=4 and fALNðR TÞ (Theorem 1). The result is extended to a solution and a forcing belonging to a suitable space of bounded measures (Theorem 2). Those results provide a method of upper and lower solutions for the semilinear equation u...

INTRODUCTION One may regard the first epoch in the structural studies of naturally occurring carotenoids as terminated with the authoritative monograph by Karrer and Jucker1 in 1948. In the classical period structural determinations of carotenoids, derived mainly from plant sources, were carried out by semi-micro methods by means of chemical degradation. Useful methods such as various types of ...

A simple and cost-effective GC×GC modulator requiring no moving parts or consumables, hence suitable for field analysis and monitoring, was developed. The modulator was constructed from a specially designed Silcosteel® trapping capillary, installed outside the GC oven, and coated inside with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stationary phase. Dual-stage modulation was accomplished by resistively heat...

Identification and Estimation of Causal Effects of Multiple Treatments Under the Conditional Independence Assumption The assumption that the assignment to treatments is ignorable conditional on attributes plays an important role in the applied statistic and econometric evaluation literature. Another term for it is conditional independence assumption. This paper discusses identification when the...

We present theory, simulations and experimental demonstrations of composite 1T pulses for population inversion in coupled spin systems such as occur in solid state NMR. The composite 1T pulses are phase-shifted rf pulse sequences designed to invert spins over a larger range of dipole or quadrupole couplings than a conventional1T pulse, for a given rfpower. We discuss a previously proposed theor...

Translation initiation from the ribosomal P-site is the specialty of the initiator tRNAs (tRNA(fMet)). Presence of the three consecutive G-C base pairs (G29-C41, G30-C40 and G31-C39) in their anticodon stems, a highly conserved feature of the initiator tRNAs across the three kingdoms of life, has been implicated in their preferential binding to the P-site. How this feature is exploited by ribos...

We propose, based on recent experimental results, a polyyne ring nucleus (PRN) growth model for the synthesis of single-layer nanotubes (SLN’s). The PRN model assumes that (i) the critical nuclei are the planar carbon polyyne rings that are observed to be most stable for sizes in the range C 10 to C40; (ii) ComC n clusters (possibly charged) play the role of a catalyst by serving to add C 2 or ...

Mice with the recessive hereditary disease, Hertwig's anemia (an/an), exhibit a persistent mild macrocytic anemia and reduced fertility. We examined mitotic figures from bone marrow and kidney cells of adult mice and from liver cells of fetal mice that were genetically normal or had Hertwig's anemia. Uniformly normal mitotic figures were observed in the nonanemic mice (+/+ or +/an). In contrast...

mhbounds – Sensitivity Analysis for Average Treatment Effects Matching has become a popular approach to estimate average treatment effects. It is based on the conditional independence or unconfoundedness assumption. Checking the sensitivity of the estimated results with respect to deviations from this identifying assumption has become an increasingly important topic in the applied evaluation li...

The synthetic scheme is shown in Supporting Figure S1 and the NMR spectra of new compounds are shown in Supporting Figures S2-S3. In short, rapamycin was acylated with the N-succinimidyl carbonate 1 according to a literature procedure that enables selective modification of the C40 position, yielding the caged rapamycin monomer 2 in 45% yield. This yield is comparable to other reported modificat...