Cardiac α1-adrenoceptor stimulation elicits a positive inotropic effect because of myofilament Ca2+ sensitization with a small increase in Ca2+ transients predominantly mediated by α1B-adrenoceptors via the intracellular alkalinization and potential myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation. However, the α1-adrenoceptor– mediated inotropy exhibits a wide range of species-dependent variation. In addi...

Under normal conditions, contractile activity in vascular smooth muscle is initiated by either receptor activation (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, etc.) or by a stretch-activated mechanism. After this activation, several signaling pathways can initiate a Ca2+-calmodulin interaction to stimulate phosphorylation of the light chain of myosin. Ca2+ sensitization of the contractile proteins is sign...

objective(s): the effect of the extract of crocus sativus and its constituent, safranal on inflammatory markers in sensitized guinea pigs was examined.   materials and methods: ovalbumin (oa) sensitized guinea pigs were given drinking water alone (group s), or drinking water containing three concentrations of safranal, three concentrations of extract and one concentration of dexamethasone, (n=6...

Background: Vasospasm of the spiral modiolar artery (SMA) may cause ischemic stroke of the inner ear. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces a strong, long-lasting constriction of the SMA by increasing contractile apparatus Ca2+ sensitivity via Rho-kinase. We therefore tested several Rho-kinase inhibitors and a cell-permeable analogue of cAMP (dbcAMP) for their ability to reverse ET-1induced constriction ...

Metal-based nanomaterials have attracted broad attention recently due to their unique biological physical and chemical properties after entering tumor cells, namely effects. In particular, the abilities of Ca2+ modulate T cell receptors activation, K+ regulate stem differentiation, Mn2+ activate STING pathway, Fe2+/3+ induce ferroptosis enhance catalytic therapy, make metal ions metal-based pla...

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and short-acting β₂-adrenoceptor agonists (SABAs) play important roles in remedy for COPD. To propel a translational research for development of bronchodilator therapy, synergistic effects between SABAs with LAMAs were examined focused on Ca2+ signaling using simultaneous records of isometric tension and F340/F380 in fura-2-loaded tracheal smooth muscl...