RK-682 was reported to be a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. We found that (R)-3-hexadecanoyl-5-hydroxymethyltetronic acid (1) was easily converted to its calcium salt during column chromatography on Silica gel 60, and this calcium salt was identical to RK-682 originally isolated from a natural source. Here we report details of the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-1 and its conversion ...

Intraspecific hybrid production from the polyethylene glycol induced fusion of yeast protoplasts was greatly increased when calcium propionate was included as the source of the requisite Ca2+. The use of calcium propionate, as opposed to the more commonly employed calcium chloride, resulted in substantially greater yields of hybrids from intraspecific fusions of protoplasts of Saccharomyces cer...

T HE minimum calcium requirement of growing rabbits has not been determined. In practice dietary calcium levels have been based largely on information gained from other animals. Commercial rabbit diets commonly contain 0.8 to 1.0% calcium. Since the domestic rabbit is extensively used as an experimental animal and is increasingly used as a source of edible meat, particularly in the Los Angeles ...

Hulme SR, Connelly WM. L-type calcium channel-dependent inhibitory plasticity in the thalamus. J Neurophysiol 112: 2037–2039, 2014. First published March 12, 2014; doi:10.1152/jn.00918.2013.— Thalamocortical neurons integrate sensory and cortical activity and are regulated by input from inhibitory neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus. Evidence suggests that during bursts of action potentia...

It was previously reported (Tuan, 1980a) that the development-specific expression of calcium transport and related functions in the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) requires the continuous presence of the eggshell, the calcium source of the embryo. To further understand the mechanism of action of the eggshell on the CAM functions, this study reports the effects of eggshell supplem...

Cells use endocytotic membrane retrieval to compensate for excess surface membrane after exocytosis. Retrieval is thought to be calcium-dependent, but the source of this calcium is not known. We found that, in sea urchin eggs, endocytotic membrane retrieval required extracellular calcium. Inhibitors of P-type calcium channels-cadmium, omega-conotoxin MVIIC, omega-agatoxin IVA, and omega-agatoxi...

The precision with which neurons form connections is crucial for the normal development and function of the nervous system. The development of neuronal circuitry in the nervous system is accomplished by axon pathfinding: a process where growth cones guide axons through the embryonic environment to connect with their appropriate synaptic partners to form functional circuits. Despite intense effo...

This study reports an industrially applicable non-sterile xylitol fermentation process to produce xylitol from a low-cost feedstock like corn cob hydrolysate as pentose source without any detoxification. Different immobilization matrices/mediums (alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, agarose gel, polyacrylamide, gelatin, and κ-carrageenan) were studied to immobilize Candida tropicalis NCIM 3123 cells fo...

objective: an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of citrus brown snail powder as a source of calcium on growth performance, tibia characteristics, immune response and blood metabolites in broiler chickens.  methods: one hundred and eighty 1-day old chicks were randomly distributed into four treatments, each of which had three replicates. each replicate contains 15 chicks. the t...

The present rat balance study investigated Ca availability from the whole indigenous small fish species, mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) from Bangladesh and from skimmed milk. Four groups of six young male rats each were fed ad libitum with diets containing either small fish or milk, at 100 or 160 g crude protein/kg diet dry matter. The study was conducted for 28 d and faeces and urine samples wer...