Improving photosynthesis throughout the full canopy rather than photosynthesis of only the top leaves of the canopy is central to improving crop yields. Many canopy photosynthesis models have been developed from physiological and ecological perspectives, however most do not consider heterogeneities of microclimatic factors inside a canopy, canopy dynamics and associated energetics, or competiti...

An analytical model was developed to describe in-canopy vertical distribution of ammonia (NH(3)) sources and sinks and vertical fluxes in a fertilized agricultural setting using measured in-canopy mean NH(3) concentration and wind speed profiles. This model was applied to quantify in-canopy air-surface exchange rates and above-canopy NH(3) fluxes in a fertilized corn (Zea mays) field. Modeled a...

Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. [1] This paper describes the transition from open channel flow to flow over submerged vegetation using velocity mea...

We examined the effects of shade from multiple kelp canopy layers (surface Macrocystis pyrifera canopy, understory Pterygophora californica canopy), both individually and in combination, on an understory algal assemblage in a central Californian kelp forest. The removal of both kelp canopies resulted in a dense recruitment of the understory brown alga Desmarestia ligulata that formed a third ca...

1 This paper describes mean and turbulent flow and mass transport in the presence of aquatic 2 vegetation. Within emergent canopies, the turbulent length-scales are set by the stem diameter and 3 spacing, and the mean flow is determined by the distribution of canopy frontal area. Sparse 4 submerged canopies enhance bed roughness and near-bed turbulence, but the velocity profile 5 remains logari...

Larger diameter and velocity smaller landing angle of sprinkler irrigation droplets are more likely to cause soil splash erosion. However, the mechanism crop canopy influence on physical parameters is unknown. In this study, with as independent variable maize plants (Zea mays L.) research object, an indoor experiment was carried out. The effects variation in value spatial distribution pattern s...

The geometrical structure of plant canopies has many implications for plant functioning, microclimatic conditions, and plant-pathogen/herbivore interactions. Plant geometry can be described at several scales. At the finest scale, canopy structure includes the shape, size, location, and orientation of each organ in the canopy. This data set reports the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of a set o...

Soil moisture is an important environmental variable in regulating energy fluxes and water infiltration near the soil surface. This makes it a significant parameter in meteorological and climate modelling applications. While ground measurement of soil moisture at a large spatial scale is cumbersome and time-consuming, remote sensing offers the advantage of frequent observations in time and spac...