BACKGROUND Although carbohydrate reduction of varying degrees is a popular and controversial dietary trend, potential long-term effects for health, and cancer in specific, are largely unknown. METHODS We studied a previously established low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) score in relation to the incidence of cancer and specific cancer types in a population-based cohort in northern Sweden. ...

It is believed that the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes including α-amylase and α-glucosidase is one of the therapeutic approaches to decrease the postprandial glucose level after a meal, especially in the people with type 2 diabetes. Medicinal plants and their extracts are one of the main sources to find new inhibitors to the enzymes. In our study four flavonoids, namely luteoli...

The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review regarding the timing of macronutrients in reference to healthy, exercising adults and in particular highly trained individuals on exercise performance and body composition. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN:Nutrient timing incorporates the use of methodical planning and eating of...

BACKGROUND Dietary recommendations for Nordic countries urge the use of plant foods as a basis for healthy nutrition. Currently, the level of dietary fibre (DF) intake is not adequate. Berries are an elementary part of the recommended Nordic healthy diet and could be consumed in higher amounts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Finnish bilberries and a bilberry press cake from juice processing were studi...

The proposed impact of slowly digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of glucose v. trehalose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of trehalose is accompanied by an attenuated gl...

The influence of maternal macronutrient balance and dietary glycemic index (GI) on neonatal body composition has received little study. We hypothesized that the overall quantity and quality of macronutrients, particularly carbohydrate, in the maternal diet could have trimester-specific effects on neonatal growth and body composition in women at risk of gestational diabetes. Maternal diet was as...

Several studies have shown that high protein meals and foods are more satiating than high carbohydrate or high fat meals when assessed by subjective ratings of satiety. Few of these studies were able to control for potentially confounding variables. Test meals differ widely in physical and sensory properties so it cannot be concluded that it is protein conferring these effects. When sensory pro...

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the fat-loading effect of the classic 1-wk glycogen-loading regimen histologically in rats and physiologically in humans. In the rat and human studies, an exhaustive swimming exercise and cycle ergometer exercise were loaded on day 1 of a 6-d feeding period, respectively. Thereafter, both the rats and humans were divided into a glycogen-loading regimen...

Differences in seed vigor of four genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.), brittle-1 (bt1), shrunken-2 (sh2), sugary (su), and normal, in an isogenic background, were investigated. Excised whole embryos and axes were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing various carbohydrate sources. Of the four genotypes examined, sh2 seeds had the lowest vigor, especially under germination stress condit...

BACKGROUND Ingestion of a meal stimulates colonic motility. It is unclear whether the nutrient composition of a meal affects colonic motor response. AIMS To investigate and compare the effects of a predominantly fat or carbohydrate meal on colonic motility. METHODS In 18 healthy subjects, ambulatory colonic manometry was performed by placing a six sensor, solid state probe from the mid-tran...